Data envelopment analysis (DEA) creates many opportunities for collaboration between analyst and decision-maker. There are, however, situations in which all of the decision-making units (DMUs) fall under the umbrella of a centralized decision maker that oversees them. Many organizations such as bank branches, chain stores, … can do this. This centralized decision maker unit expect that resource...

Using or extending Markov decision processes (MDPs) or partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) to model multiagent decision problems has become an important trend. Generally speaking, there are two types of models: centralized ones and decentralized. The centralized ones focus on finding the best joint action given any global state, while the decentralied ones try to find out th...

in today’s dynamic market, organizations must be adaptive to market fluctuations. in addition, studies show that material-handling cost makes up between 20 and 50 percent of the total operating cost. therefore, this paper considers the problem of arranging and rearranging, when there are changes in product mix and demand, manufacturing facilities such that the sum of material handling and rearr...

in iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. this es...

Researchers in the field of adaptive behavior are quite familiar with the idea of higher-order complex global patterns emerging from the lower-level simple local interactions of components in a distributed system. Our artificial ants form colonies and self-organized foraging expeditions; our robots and simulated birds flock and cooperate on tasks; our genetic algorithm populations form species ...

Centralized markets reduce the costs of search for buyers and sellers. Their ‘thickness’ increases the chance of order execution at competitive prices. In spite of the incentives to consolidate, some markets, securities markets and online advertising being the most notable, are fragmented into multiple trading venues. We argue that fragmentation is an inevitable feature of any centralized marke...

South African universities boast a remarkable solar photovoltaic (PV) resource as primary renewable energy component. Due to high peak demand tariffs and inherent prominent heating cooling loads, fast granular response programs are well established within typical campus grids, with electrical networks adapted towards hosting centralized PV plants emergency diesel generation. With unreliable uti...

This paper, proposes a control system for use with microgrid consist of multiple small scale embedded generation networks (SSEG networks) connected to the 33kV distribution network. The proposed controller controls power flow in the gridconnected mode of operation, enables voltage and frequency control when the SSEG networks are islanded, and resynchronizes the SSEG networks with the utility be...

A semigroup is said to be power centralized if for any pair of elements there exists a power of the first one commuting with the second one. We describe the structure of power centralized groups and semigroups. In particular, we present several characterizations of periodic semigroups with central idempotents.