Various methods of cerebral protection have been used during such aortic arch operations as the Norwood Procedure and operations on the interrupted aortic arch in neonates and infants. Deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest is the most common technique, but has a limited safe period for circulatory arrest. Antegrade cerebral perfusion has been introduced to prolong this safe period. We review...

Endovascular carotid intervention has undergone a dramatic and rapid evolution since its early inception in the 1990s at which time it comprised a rudimentary angioplasty technique. Quite apart from changes in the size and format of the guidewires used (0.014 inch, rapid-exchange compatible) and stents and balloons (dedicated, low-profile), perhaps one of the most interesting developments has b...

Pre-ischemic treadmill training exerts cerebral protection in the prevention of cerebral ischemia by alleviating neurotoxicity induced by excessive glutamate release following ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanism of this process remains unclear. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was observed in a rat model after 2 weeks of pre-ischemic treadmill training. Cerebrospinal fluid wa...

This is a case of an 87 -year-old male who underwent successful repair of an acute ascending aortic dissection (Stanford Type A). Hypothermic circulatory arrest was used to provide cerebral protection during the performance of the "open" distal anastomosis. Continuous normothermic retrograde blood cardioplegia was used as a means for myocardial protection. To our knowledge, this is the first re...

BACKGROUND Despite recent evidence demonstrating a potent protective effect of adoptively transferred regulatory T cells (Tregs) in ischemic stroke, the mechanism for Treg mobilization and activation in the ischemic brain is, remarkably, unknown. This study determines the role of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) in mediating the docking and activation of transferred Tregs in their protectio...

In mice breathing 5% oxygen, pretreatment with the optimal dose of 200 mg/kg of phenytoin increased survival time 123%. This increase was somewhat less than that observed with certain barbiturates using the same model but significantly greater than that observed with diazepam which is more effective than phenytoin in suppressing hypoxemic convulsions in this model. In dogs maintained at an expi...

Operations on the thoracic aorta using hypothermic circulatory arrest are still associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to neurological complications. During the last decades, different cerebral protection techniques have been introduced into clinical practice to reduce the incidence of such complications. Furthermore clinical as well as basic researches have been performed to i...

OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess the incidence of cerebral ischemia in nonselected patients undergoing neuroprotected carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) without preceding multiple-vessel diagnostic angiography. BACKGROUND Protection devices to prevent distal embolization during CAS are presently under clinical investigation. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visual...