BACKGROUND Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) causes cerebral infarction, typically, lacunar infarction in the basal ganglia. However, massive cerebral infarction leading to death is rare and its pathophysiology is unclear. We report a case of CM causing massive cerebellar infarction, which led to cerebral herniation and death. CASE PRESENTATION A 56-year-old man who suffered from dizzines...

Most symptoms and signs associated with a carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) are thought to be related to regurgitation of flow into cortical veins and to venous congestion. Arteriovenous shunting and secondary perfusion insufficiency is regarded as less important in causing symptoms. We describe a 27-yr-old male patient who had improvement of neurologic symptoms and signs after detachable balloon...

Venous oxygen saturation (Yv) in cerebral veins and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) are important indicators for brain function and disease. Phase-susceptibility measurements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used to quantify Yv in candidate cerebral veins. However, currently there is no method to quantify regional CMRO2 using MRI. Here we propose a novel technique to ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) of intracranial veins and sinuses in adults is a new, emerging application of ultrasonographic imaging. This study reports a standardized examination protocol for venous TCCS and provides reference data for clinical application. METHODS In 130 healthy volunteers (mean age, 45.9+/-16.9 years; range, 14 to 77 years) the in...

A 63-year-old woman presented with progressive dementia over 2 years. Plain head CT demonstrated dilated parenchymal vessels and vascular channels in the left occipital bone (figure 1, A and B). Angiography confirmed a dural arteriovenous malformation (dAVM) centered on the left sigmoid sinus with reflux into all venous sinuses (figure 1, C and D). Cerebral venous drainage was rerouted via cort...

A novel noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method was developed to determine in vivo blood oxygen saturation and its changes during motor cortex activation in small cerebral veins. Specifically, based on susceptibility measurements in the resting states, pial veins were found to have a mean oxygen saturation of Yrest=0.544+/-0.029 averaged over 14 vessels in 5 volunteers. During activ...

We report a case of atypical cerebral venous drainage in a 38-year-old woman with symptoms of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Thrombosis of the left internal jugular vein and sigmoid sinus was suspected on the basis of spin-echo and time-of-flight MR findings, but multisection CT angiograms showed a patent sigmoid sinus and predominant drainage via the emissary veins toward the vertebral ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The demonstration of prominent medullary veins in the deep white matter ipsilateral to acute ischemic stroke has been shown to predict poor clinical outcome. We have investigated the prognostic implications of prominent medullary veins in patients with subacute stroke who present outside the therapeutic window for revascularization therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-t...

Letters to the Editor will be published, if suitable, as space permits. They should not exceed 1,000 words (typed double-spaced) in length and may be subject to editing or abridgment. To the Editor. Noninfectious thrombosis of cerebral veins is commonly found in patients with hereditary coagulation or immunologic disorders and during pregnancy or intake of contraceptive drugs. Severe cases are ...

OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of venous drainage in cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) surgery, with respect to the development of postoperative hyperperfusion injury. METHODS For 52 patients with supratentorial AVMs, cortical capillary oxygenation (SaO(2)) was assessed intraoperatively, before and after resection, in the vicinity of the AVMs, by using a microspectrophotometric metho...