Cervical joint disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients is common. These patients may be at risk for severe life-threatening neurological problems in the perioperative period and thus present a challenge to the anaesthetist. By understanding the various anatomical abnormalities that may occur in rheumatoid cervical joint disease, the anaesthetist can design an appropriate management plan for th...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder affecting multiple organ systems, joints, ligaments, and bones and commonly involves the cervical spine. Chronic synovitis may result in bony erosion and ligamentous laxity that result in instability and subluxation. Anterior atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) is the most frequently occurring deformity, due to laxity of the prim...

Adjacent segment problems after cervical spine instrumentation are widely reported. They can range from asymptomatic adjacent degeneration (ASD) noted on radiographs to symptomatic disease and even instability. While ASD following anterior is well studied, there a paucity of literature posterior instrumentation. We intended identify the risk factors associated with instrumentation, focusing pre...

Large anterior cervical osteophytes can occur in degeneration of the cervical spine or in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis(DISH). Large osteophytes can produce otolaryngological symptoms such as dysphagia, dysphonia, and foreign body sensation. We describe a DISH patient with giant anterior cervical osteophyte causing chronic dysphagia and dysphonia. A 56-year-old man presented with inc...

background: forward head posture (fhp) is recognized as a common postural disorder of modern societies. increase in anterior cervical convexity and anterior displacement of the line of gravity of head in individuals with fhp is assumed to result in altered moment arms and muscle activity on cervical spine. measurement of muscle thickness seems to be an appropriate index for muscle activity. thi...

It is very important to pay more attention to spine from the biomechanical perspective. It would allow the analysis of initial conditions of the vertebral disc degeneration syndrome and adopting of normal spine kinematics to compare and match it with a degenerated disc and providing a biomechanical index as an indicator for the conduct of any surgical intervention including arthroplasty to maxi...

background: the cervical spine is the most vulnerable part of the vertebral column and the rotational movements are the most dangerous movements which may cause damages to cervical spine. a good treatment option for the cervical disc disease is the replacement of a damaged disc with an artificial disc that has shown satisfactory clinical results. methods: the c4 to c6 vertebrae of a normal subj...

BACKGROUND A simple, safe and effective therapeutic strategy for traumatic instability of the subaxial cervical spine, as well as its prognostic assessment, is still controversial. METHODS The therapeutic options for 83 patients of traumatic instability of the subaxial cervical spine, whose average age was 35 years, were determined, according to the Allen-Ferguson classification, general heal...

background: cervical spine sustains most of thevertebral column injuries, among other injuries, the disc degeneration and damage that lead to replacement of the damaged disc with cage or artificial disc. methods: the c4 to c6 vertebrae of a normal subject and a person with interbody fusion cage were 3d modelled and then analyzed using finite element method. the results of maximum stress and str...

A 53-year-old man with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was found unresponsive on the ground. He was comatose and quadriplegic with absent cough and gag reflexes but preserved corneal and pupillary responses. CT of the spine (figure) showed displaced C2 fracture, severely deformed spinal cord, and complete spinal ankylosis. He developed hemodynamic instability with persistently poor arousal, and his...