Tablet manufacturing provides quite a good example and is also the process where many pharmaceutical companies are choosing to pilot continuous manufacturing. In a traditional batch approach, tablet manufacturing is really a series of disconnected single unit operations, installed in separate rooms, with product waiting to be released to the next process step in another room. The equipment is i...

a good account given as to site, plans, area per patient, arrangement of the administrative units, detail of structure as foundations, walls, floors, roofing, stairs, partitions, windows, woodwork, painting, water supplies, heating, lighting, signalling, plumbing and sewerage, ventilation, refrigeration, elevators. Then follows a chapter on the divisions of a general hospital, administrative de...

As Drs Wootton, Arnold, and Tyson acknowledged, many emergency therapies have never been rigorously studied. Neonatal resuscitation medicine is especially bereft of highlevel evidence. Only 23 of 157 (15%) publications cited in the 2010 ILCOR statement on neonatal resuscitation were randomized trials or metaanalyses of trials (level of evidence [LOE] 1) (Table 1). In contrast, 114 (73%) studies...

in our article, our human lung model simply reflected a baseline estimate of the distance traveled by any potentially infectious aerosols while the patient was breathing at rest with a respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min. With appropriate references,2,3 we have already stressed the importance of full personal protective equipment as an effective infection control measure in protecting health-car...

The role of facilities and associated services for amphibians has recently undergone diversification. Amphibians traditionally used as research models adjust well to captivity and thrive with established husbandry techniques. However, it is now necessary to maintain hundreds of novel amphibian species in captive breeding, conservation research, and biomedical research programs. These diverse sp...

We conducted this retrospective case-control study to identify possible risk factors of delivery through caesarean section in the Far North Region of Cameroon. Data was collected retrospectively from delivery room registers at the Provincial Hospital, Maroua, Cameroon from 01/01/2003 to 31/12/2004. The overall 125 eligible caesarean deliveries were compared with 244 women who delivered vaginall...

In examination timetabling we have to assign the exams of a given set of courses to time slots, such that conflicting exams are assigned to different time slots. We study the problem that occurs at our department. The characteristics of this problem are as follows. The exams have to take place in 5 days, and per day there are 2 time slots. Teachers can express their preferences for the time slo...