The present contribution is aimed at offering evidence of the impact antiCOVID government actions on trade. Using monthly Eurostat data, it investigates relationship between turnover sales and adoption governmental measures. Explanatory variables encompass three indexes measuring response, namely, a stringency, health containment an economic support index. A consumer confidence index used as co...

To match the observed patterns of protection over business cycle, I add unemployment into two models of trade policy: ‘Protection for Sale’(1994) and ‘Trade Wars and Trade Talks’(1995) by Grossman and Helpman. The source of unemployment is …nancial frictions: as in Aghion et.al. (2009) …rms with pro…ts less than a random threshold are liquidated. With small shocks protection goes up to save emp...

MEN WHO grow vegetable seeds for sale engage in a specialized and highly competitive farming operation. They compete to maintain superior strains of most standard varieties and to develop new varieties. Most of the large vegetable seed companies have well-qualified staffs to develop and maintain stock seed, from which is produced seed for the market, mostly by farmers who have contracts with th...

In multi-item inventory with very large number of items in retail sale stores, purchase dependency in demand amongst the items can be described by association rules mined from sale transaction data. With the knowledge of association rules, inventory replenishment policy can be designed which will result in low inventory cost and better profitability. The relevant inventory costs include the cos...

learns or should have learned of the risk created by its fault.” Jablonski v. Ford Motor Co., 955 N.E.2d 1138, 1159 (Ill. 2011) (emphasis added). See also Comstock v. General Motors Corp., 99 N.W.2d 627, 634 (Mich. 1959); Kozlowski v. John E. Smith’s Sons Co., 275 N.W.2d 915, 922 (Wis. 1979); Downing v. Overhead Door Corp., 707 P.2d 1027, 1032 (Colo. Ct. App. 1985); Wilson v. U.S. Elevator Corp...

The Statute of Budva dates from the time of Nemanjics. This medieval document was approved at the time Budva was under venetian dominion and remained in force until the end of the Venetian Republic. During 17th century the Statute was translated into the Italian language. The document includes regulations which indicate a concern for the health of the public. Among the regulations is one which ...

We propose an equilibrium model to study the impact of short-sale constraints on market prices and liquidity in imperfectly competitive markets where market makers have significant market power and are averse to inventory risk. We show that shortsale constraints decrease bid because of the market power and increase ask because of the risk aversion. Our model can therefore help explain why short...

This paper argues that the introduction of a short-sale constraint in the ArrowRadner framework invalidates standard definitions of complete and incomplete markets. In this constrained set-up, two threshold values with familiar properties arise. The case of a zero short-sale bound set on some security fulfills the standard definition of “incomplete” financial markets. Beyond a particular level ...

one of the most important dimention of the industrial structure is the concentration. in order to determine concentration in iranian industries from 2000 to 2005, the 5-firm concentration ratio is used in terms of sale value, production, value added and employment variables. the results indicate high correlation among concentration ratios in terms of sale, employment, value added and production...

Conventional credit card transactions are not consistent with Islamic principles, as exemplified by the Islamic banking system and the ‘Murabaha sale’. On the other hand, EMV-compliant IC (Integrated Circuit) cards have been developed to secure traditional Point of Sale (POS) transactions. Thus, if Islamic principles are to be applied to card payments, a new and secure card payment process is r...