The functional capabilities of the brain are formally characterizable in terms of a finite system along with a memory space which it can manipulate. Two types of learning are possible: ( 1) modification-based learning, associated with alternate realizations of the finite system; (2) memory-based learning, associated with the assimilation, manipulation, and retrieval of memories. Constructive mo...

Fol lowing the demonstration of distinct intermediates in the thermal decay of rhodopsin, characterizable by their different spectra (Summary : WALD 2 6 ) , the main question was how to interprete these spectral shifts in chemical terms and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of visual excitation. The findings of MATTHEWS et a l . 1 8 constituted a m a j o r step in this direction. They found ...

0. Introduction Previous analyses of the use of English definite descriptions have generally taken one of two approaches, loosely characterizable as familiarity and uniqueness. That is, felicitous use of the definite article has been argued to require that the referent of the NP be either known to the hearer within the current context of utterance (e.g. Heim 1983, Prince 1992) or uniquely ident...

BACKGROUND Intramedullary spinal ependymoma is a tumor, hardly characterizable with conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging only. MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with three-dimensional fiber-tracking reconstructions allows the evaluation of the relationship between neoplasm and white matter fiber tracts, being a powerful tool in presurgical planning. We present DTI findings in a case of ...

Hertrampf's locally deenable acceptance types showed that many complexity classes can be deened in terms of polynomially time bounded NTM's with simple local conditions on the nodes of its computation tree, rather than global concepts like number of accepting paths etc. We introduce extended locally deenable acceptance types as a generalization of Hertrampf's concept in order to formally captur...

Several different measures for digraph width have appeared in the last few years. However, none of them shares all the “nice” properties of treewidth: First, being algorithmically useful i.e. admitting polynomial-time algorithms for all MSO1-definable problems on digraphs of bounded width. And, second, having nice structural properties i.e. being monotone under taking subdigraphs and some form ...

We try to answer the question which is the “right” foundation of mathematics, second order logic or set theory. Since the former is usually thought of as a formal language and the latter as a first order theory, we have to rephrase the question. We formulate what we call the second order view and a competing set theory view, and then discuss the merits of both views. On the surface these two vi...

A direct investigation into the grammatical abilities of Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics sought to obtain critical evidence for a revised model of the functional neuroanatomy of language. We examined aphasics' ability to make grammaticality judgments on a set of theoretically selected, highly complex syntactic structures that involve, most prominently, fine violations of constraints on syntacti...

We propose a novel account for the emergence of human language syntax. Like many evolutionary innovations, language arose from the adventitious combination of two pre-existing, simpler systems that had been evolved for other functional tasks. The first system, Type E(xpression), is found in birdsong, where the same song marks territory, mating availability, and similar "expressive" functions. T...

Texture and temporal variations in scenes, and peculiarities of MPEG compression algorithms result in very complex frame-size data sets for any long-duration variable bit rate (VBR) video. A major hurdle in capturing the statistical behavior of such a data trace can be removed by segmentation of all frames into an appropriate number of analytically characterizable classes. However, video-trace ...