Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Malaysia Corresponding Author: Johan Sohaili ___________________________________________________________________________ Abstract From the use of renewable resources and environmental protection viewpoints, recycling of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) receives wide concern...

Energy is considered a prime agent in the generation of wealth and a significant factor in economic development. Recently there is renaissance in utilization of biomass for biofuel production employing cellulases and hence forth in obtaining better yields and novel activities. The present study deals with the bioconversion of cellulose from textile cotton waste into ethanol by using the methods...

sugarcane bagasse contains cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose, 39-42%, 20-25% and 25-27% respectively. so it is can be used as a sugar source in many processes. lignin and hemicellulose must be removed before hydrolysis of cellulose. several different pretreatment approaches have been studied. the purpose of this research is comparison of acid, ozone and combination of ozone-acid as pretreatme...

The outer surface of corn stalk (CS) plays a key role in the interfacial compatibility non-wood-based panel products. To improve bonding performance surface, changes to before and after four pretreatments (oxalic acid, oxalic acid + ultrasound, NaOH, NaOH ultrasound) were investigated. Changes chemical composition, elements, aggregation structure, microstructure CS pretreatment analyzed. result...

The combustion of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) can cause severe fouling, slagging, and ash melt-down problems, which originate from its non-organic components such as potassium, calcium, silicon. To improve the usability OPEFB raw materials for energy generation, effects pretreatments with various solution on chemical composition thermal degradation were investigated. Soaking alkali, acid...

Liquid hot water pretreatment is considered to be a promising method for increasing biomass digestibility due the moderate operational conditions without chemical additions. A necessary step towards scalability of this process performing pilot plant trials. Upscaling was evaluated with scaling factor 500, by using 50 mL in laboratory and 25 L batch reactor. Pretreatment times were varied from 3...

The aim of this work was to study an innovative alkaline process on two cover crops. CaO load 60 g.kgTS−1 implemented combine the functions storage and pretreatment. Lab-scale reactors were monitored for 180 days assess effect physico-chemical properties biomass. From first days, pH not maintained in zone microbial fermentation activity observed with degradation available carbohydrates producti...

It has been proven that the biocenosis of microalgae and bacteria improves chemical properties biomass for its use in anaerobic digestion. However, this digestion can be limited by strong, compact, complex structure granulated biomass. Therefore, there is a need to search an effective method microalgal–bacterial granular sludge pretreatment, which not undertaken previous scientific works. In st...

The effects of sodium carbonate (Na(2)CO(3)) pretreatment on the chemical compositions and enzymatic saccharification of rice straw were investigated. The enzymatic digestibility of rice straw is enhanced after pretreatment since pretreated solids show significant delignification with high sugar availability. During pretreatment, an increasing temperature and Na(2)CO(3) charge leads to enhanced...

Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass by N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), a solvent used in the textile industry to dissolve cellulose for production of regenerated cellulose fibers, was observed to enhance significantly enzymatic saccharification and fermentation. The enhancement was speculated to have been caused by reduced cellulose crystallinity after dissolution and precipitation proce...