Compared to the association between cigarette smoking and psychiatric disorders, relatively little is known about the relationship between smokeless tobacco use and psychiatric disorders. To identify the psychiatric correlates of smokeless tobacco use, the analysis used a national representative sample from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) wave 1. Smo...

OBJECTIVES The study is to evaluate changes in microhardness of enamel after exposure to acidic center filled chewing gum on primary and permanent teeth. METHODS Thirty primary and 30 permanent molar extracted teeth were painted with acid resistant varnish except a small window over buccal surface. Teeth were divided into four groups according to type of teeth and type of chewing gum (Center ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of chewing force on salivary stress markers (alpha-amylase activity, salivary cortisol level and secretory immunoglobulin A secretion rate) as indicators of mental stress. Participants comprised 20 healthy men. The first set of saliva specimens (S1) was collected at immediately after a 20-min rest to evaluate stress markers. As stress loadi...

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of khat chewing, and explore its social, economic and work impacts and examine its relation with road traffic accidents (RTA) among professional drivers in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 215 drivers recruited from transport stations in Jazan region by random cluster sampling. An inter...

Specific chewing lice from European bison and some selected species of common European ungulate mammals – cattle, horses, goats, roe deer, red deer, were examined. The faunistic research was on four species of chewing lice, including Bisonicola sedecimdecembrii from European bison (prevalence – 46%, mean intensity – 11 specimens), Bovicola bovis from cattle (29%, 5), Bovicola caprae from goat (...

BACKGROUND Betel quid, chewed by about 600 million people worldwide, is one of the most widely used addictive substances. Cessation factors in betel quid chewers are unknown. The present study explores prevalence and the quit rate of betel quid chewing in Taiwan aborigines. Our goal was to delineate potential predictors of chewing cessation. METHODS A stratified random community-based survey ...

BACKGROUND Not much research evidence concerning the relationship between betel quid chewing and oral health has been established although betel quid chewing is a common practice among people in many Asian countries including rural areas of Thailand. OBJECTIVE The present study employed two existing data sets to evaluate the association between betel quid chewing and oral diseases. MATERIAL...

To investigate the role of chewing and taste in the meal-induced rapid increase in splanchnic blood flow, we compared the blood flow responses in the celiac artery (CA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) to chewing solid food with a chocolate taste (FOOD) and paraffin wax without taste (WAX). After 5 min of baseline measurement, 15 healthy subjects repeated chewing and expectorating the FOOD ...

Chewing has been shown to alleviate feelings of sleepiness and improve cognitive performance during the day. This study investigated the effect of chewing on alertness and cognitive performance across one night without sleep as well as the possible mediating role of cardiac autonomic activity. Fourteen adults participated in a randomized, counterbalanced protocol employing a chewing, placebo an...

BACKGROUND Extrinsic staining of teeth may result from the deposition of a variety of pigments into or onto the tooth surface, which originate mainly from diet or from tobacco use. More recently, clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of some chewing gums in removing extrinsic tooth staining. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of two nicotine medicated chewing gums (...