Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were isolated in the early 1980s from mouse and in the late 1990s from primate and human. These cells present the unique property of self-renewal and the ability to generate differentiated progeny in all embryonic lineages both in vitro and in vivo. The mESCs (mouse embryonic stem cells) can contribute to both somatic and germinal lineages once re-injected into a rec...

Oxygen is one of the critical determinants for normal embryonic and fetal development. In avian embryos, lack of oxygen will lead to high fetal mortality, heteroplasia, and cardiovascular dysfunction. Tibetan chicken is a breed native to Tibet that could survive and keep higher hatchability regardless of negative effects of hypoxia. Generally, adaptive animals in high altitudes are characterize...

Objective: In recent years, antiviral drugs have been used widely in the glob to prevent and treat viral diseases. They injected into eggs to eliminate pathogens and prevent of egg transmission of disease, but the adverse effects of drugs have always been a major concern. There is little information available about the safety of antiviral drugs in the embryonated eggs of birds. The objective of...

Objective: In recent years, antiviral drugs have been used widely in the glob to prevent and treat viral diseases. They injected into eggs to eliminate pathogens and prevent of egg transmission of disease, but the adverse effects of drugs have always been a major concern. There is little information available about the safety of antiviral drugs in the embryonated eggs of birds. The objective of...

The four proteins, ovalbumin, conalbumin, lysozyme, and ovomucoid, which comprise the major portion of the proteins of chicken egg white have now been isolated. Quantitative immunochemical investigations of these proteins (l-2) have led to the development of reagents and methods suitable for the study of their distribution in the tissues of the chicken. Such a study has been carried out with eg...

Nitroimidazole compounds have been traditionally used in the veterinary and human medicine, but their uses are sometimes associated with some side effects. Toxicopathological effects of nitroimidazoles have always been a major concern. There is scant information available about the pathological alterations of nitroimidazole compounds in the embryo. The objective of this study was to determine t...

Nitroimidazole compounds have been traditionally used in the veterinary and human medicine, but their uses are sometimes associated with some side effects. Toxicopathological effects of nitroimidazoles have always been a major concern. There is scant information available about the pathological alterations of nitroimidazole compounds in the embryo. The objective of this study was to determine t...