conclusions the findings suggest that the development of preventive programs will contribute to increases in the child-mother closeness relationship and will help to prevent the onset of substance use in children. background considering the fundamental role that parents play in a family dynamic, it is important to explore the parent-child relationship and examine what protective behaviors or ri...

The world we live in is affected by increasing emergencies and disasters. increase the number of crises significantly climate change, which also one significant problems today. Earthquakes, droughts, floods, snowfall, hail, storms fires are natural emergencies. They can be technical-technological or caused consequences war. Regardless cause, disrupt social material goods. Therefore, it necessar...

human rights are the basic standards that people need to live in dignity.  in addition to the rights that are available to all people, there are rights that apply only to children.  children need special rights because of their unique needs;  they need additional protection that adults don’t.  the united nations convention on the rights of the child is an international document that sets out al...

Parenting tends to be framed as a set of actions directed toward the child rather than as a relationship. This article helps therapists, parent-educators, and researchers conceptualize parenting as a socioculturally embedded relationship. The authors apply the relational orientations typology (Silverstein, Bass, Tuttle, Knudson-Martin, & Huenergardt, 2006) to parent-child relationships. The typ...

The Relationship between Parenting Styles, Psychological Hardiness, and Students’ Resilience Z. Mirzamohammadi, M.A. F. Mohsenzadeh, Ph.D. M. Arefi, Ph.D. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles (dominant, possessive and ignoring child rearing attitudes), psychological hardiness, and students’ resilience. The resear...