Aqueous solutions of tetrachloroauric acid of high purity and stability were synthesised using the known reaction of gold metal with chlorine gas. The straightforward procedure developed here allows the resulting solution to be used directly for gold nanoparticle synthesis. The procedure involves bubbling chlorine gas through pure water containing a pellet of gold. The reaction is quantitative ...

In an investigation of the activity against Bacillus subtilis spores of various mixtures of alcohol and sodium hypochlorite 50% methanol with enough hypochlorite to provide 2000 parts per million available chlorine water was the most sporicidal. This mixture, both when freshly prepared and for at least eight hours after mixing, achieved a five-log reduction in spore count in 10 minutes. The spo...

A convenient, one-pot method for the synthesis of diazonium salt has been developed by the sequential diazotization of aromatic amines with NaNO2, polymer- supported periodic acid (PPIA) and 2-naphthole under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. By using this method, several types of aromatic amine, containing electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups, were rapidly converted to ...

Since 1903, when Metcalf (5) described a method for obtaining and rearing bacteriafree Rhabditis brevispina (Claus) Biitschli, many procedures have been published. Glaser and Stoll (6) used sodium hypochlorite for surface-sterilization of nematodes. Dougherty and Calhoun (2, 3) eliminated the microflora of R. pellio (Schneider) Btitschli with antibiotics and then substituted Escherichia coli. T...

The surface expansion that is induced by the lateral pressure in the brush region of lipid membranes containing grafted polymers is deduced from the scaling and mean-field theories for the polymer brush, together with the equation of state for a lipid monolayer at the equivalence pressure with fluid lipid bilayers. Depending on the length and mole fraction of the polymer lipid, the membrane exp...

The PtII atom in the title compound, [PtCl2{(C6H4)(NH2)2}], lies on a twofold rotation axis and has a slightly distorted square-planar coordination environment defined by two N atoms of an 1,2-phenyl-enedi-amine ligand and two Cl- ions. In the crystal, the planar complex mol-ecules are stacked parallel to the c axis, resulting in a columnar structure. In a column, an infinite almost straight Pt...

The title compound, (C(5)H(14)N(2))[CuCl(4)], was synthesized by hydro-thermal reaction of CuCl(2) with 1-methyl-piperazine in an HCl/water solution. Both amine N atoms are protonated. The piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. The Cu-Cl distances in the tetrahedral anion are in the range 2.2360 (7)-2.2732 (7) Å. In the crystal, moderately strong and weak inter-molecular N-H⋯Cl hydrogen b...

A rapid and quantitative assay for the disinfection of the water-borne pathogen, Mycobacterium avium, was developed using firefly luciferase as a reporter gene. There was a correlation between the quantity of light produced and the number of colony-forming units. In chlorine-disinfection studies of a luciferase-carrying derivative of M. avium, there was a strong correlation (r2=0.96) between co...

Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia are two of the most chlorine resistant microorganisms with notable adverse effects on humans. Our study shows that waters containing these two protozoa at low concentrations can be efficiently disinfected in continuous flow by using a commercial fibrous ceramic TiO(2) photocatalyst. The efficiency of the photocatalytic disinfection is largely enhanced ...