We estimated the oceanic inventory of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) from 1980 to 1999 using a technique based on the global chlorofluorocarbon data set. Our analysis suggests that the ocean stored 14.8 petagrams of anthropogenic carbon from mid-1980 to mid-1989 and 17.9 petagrams of carbon from mid-1990 to mid-1999, indicating an oceanwide net uptake of 1.6 and 2.0 +/- 0.4 petagrams of car...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [SnCl(4)(C(12)H(8)N(2))]·0.5C(2)H(4)Cl(2), contains a tin complex and one disordered half-mol-ecule of the solvent dichloro-ethane [occupancies 0.71 (2):0.29 (2)]. The six coordinate Sn(IV) atom adopts a distorted octa-hedral geometry. π-π inter-actions between adjacent aromatic rings [interplanar distance 3.483 (5) Å] seem to be effective in the stabi...

ncreasing regulation of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) solvents, together with manufacturing cost reduction potential, has led many electronics companies to consider alternative methods for cleaning SMT boards. Many alternatives are available, from solvents with low ozone-depletion potential to no-cleaning processes. Each substitute claims to have advantages.’ Early in Alcatel Telettra’s (Vimercate, ...

Low-energy electron-impact hydrogen loss due to dissociative electron attachment (DEA) to the uracil and thymine molecules in a water cluster environment is investigated theoretically. Only the A(')-resonance contribution, describing the near-threshold behavior of DEA, is incorporated. Calculations are based on the nonlocal complex potential theory and the multiple scattering theory, and are pe...

The reductive transformation of the 10 most-widely distributed fluorinated volatile compounds and of tetrachloroethene was investigated for up to 177 days under anaerobic conditions in sewage sludge and aquifer sediment slurries. Concentrations of parent compounds and of degradation products were identified by GC-MS. We observed transformation of CFC-11 to HCFC-21 and HCFC-31, of CFC-113 to HCF...

Tropospheric trends in long-lived source gases N2O and the chlorofluorocarbons cause O3 through changes their reactive product gases. Transport affects because it controls distribution of We find that large tropical upwelling 10–5 hPa since 2012 have strengthened northern branch upper stratospheric (UpS) transport circulation, dramatically altering abundances its odd nitrogen gases, NOx HNO3. I...

The spatial variability in the concentrations of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) in surface soils was studied on the basis of the analysis of 131 soil samples collected from the surface layer (0-20 cm depth) of the alluvial region of Beijing, China. The concentrations of total HCHs (including alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-isom...

Dose delivery of hydrofluoroalkane-beclomethasone and chlorofluorocarbon-beclomethasone was compared during in vitro neonatal simulations: mechanical ventilation with 40% and 100% relative humidity + Neonatal Chamber-Ventilator System/endotracheal tube; manual ventilation + Neonatal Chamber/endotracheal tube; "spontaneous breathing" + Neonatal Chamber/face mask without/with manual assistance. T...

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations over the past two centuries have led to greater CO2 uptake by the oceans. This acidification process has changed the saturation state of the oceans with respect to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles. Here we estimate the in situ CaCO3 dissolution rates for the global oceans from total alkalinity and chlorofluorocarbon data, and we also dis...

Although trifluoroacetate (TFA), a breakdown product of chlorofluorocarbon replacements, is being dispersed widely within the biosphere, its ecological fate is largely unknown. TFA was added experimentally to an upland, northern hardwood forest and to a small forest wetland ecosystem within the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. Inputs of TFA were not transported conservatively...