Chlorpyrifos targets mammalian brain development through a combination of effects directed at cholinergic receptors and intracellular signaling cascades that are involved in cell differentiation. We used sea urchin embryos as an invertebrate model system to explore the cellular mechanisms underlying the actions of chlorpyrifos and to delineate the critical period of developmental vulnerability....

Chlorpyrifos, a well known organophosphorus insecticide and heavy metal lead, was challenged to Wistar rats to study their interactive effects on biochemical parameters (clinical pathology) after acute exposure via oral gavaging. Hematology and clinical chemistry parameters were estimated after 14 days of exposure. In addition, serum butryl and RBC cholinesterase was estimated on days 3 and 15 ...

An immunochromatographic assay (ICA) based on competitive antigen-coated format using colloidal gold as the label was developed for the detection of the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos. The ICA test strip consisted of a membrane with a detection zone, a sample pad and an absorbent pad. The membrane was separately coated with chlorpyrifos Hapten-OVA conjugate (test line) and anti-mouse...

Recent findings of indoor exposure studies of chlorpyrifos indicate that young children are at higher risks to the semivolatile pesticide than had been previously estimated [Gurunathan et al., Environ Health Perspect 106:9-16 (1998)]. The study showed that after a single broadcast use of the pesticide by certified applicators in apartment rooms, chlorpyrifos continued to accumulate on children'...

The heterogeneous ozonation of suspended malathion and chlorpyrifos particles are studied in real-time with a vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-ATOFMS). The pesticide particles with the diameter of hundreds of nanometers are generated by the homogeneous nucleation method using azelaic acid as nucleus. The reactions are carried out in an aerosol rea...

With UF-resin as wall material, chlorpyrifos microcapsules was prepared by in-situ polymerization. The effect factors on the particle size and encapsulation efficiency of microcapsules were investigated and optimized. The result showed when the mass concentration of the emulsifier Tween-20 was 6%, the size of chlorpyrifos microcapsules were suitable. The amount of UF-resin has slight effect on ...

REFERENCES-A child-specific reference dose (chRD) at 0.0001 mg/kg-day for chlorpyrifos has been established in this document pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 901(g). Health and Safety Code Section 901(g) requires the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) to identify chemical contaminants commonly found at school sites to be of greatest concern based on child-specifi...

BACKGROUND Recent studies have highlighted the increased potency of oxygen analogs of organophosphorus pesticides. These pesticides and oxygen analogs have previously been identified in the atmosphere following spray applications in the states of California and Washington. OBJECTIVES We used two passive sampling methods to measure levels of the ollowing organophosphorus pesticides: chlorpyrif...

In this study, the lethal toxicity, behavioral responses and hematotoxicity of formulated chlorpyrifos on Clarias gariepinus was evaluated. C. gariepinus fingerlings were exposed to 0.2 mg/L, 0.25 mg/L, 0.3 mg/L, 0.35 mg/L and 0.4 mg/L of the active ingredient chlorpyrifos to determine the lethal concentrations and behavioral effects. C. gariepinus juveniles (38.84±7.67g) were then exposed to 0...