OBJECTIVES The aims of this study are to investigate the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection among patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis and to analyze the relationship between surface protein variability and occult hepatitis B virus infection, which may be related to the pathogenesis of occult hepatitis B virus infection in cryptogenic cirrhosis. Occult hepatitis B virus infection i...

conclusions some il-10 promoter gene polymorphisms predisposed the infected hepatitis b virus cases to cirrhosis in our study population. patients and methods totally, 166 patients with chronic hepatitis b infection were enrolled. genotypes at different positions (i.e. -819, - 592, and - 1082) in the il-10 gene promoter were determined. results the c/a genotype at position -592, c/t genotype at...

conclusions fluctuations in serum alt levels may change the prognosis of a hbv inactive carrier state. objectives this study aimed to determine the incidence rate and patterns of alt fluctuations and prognostic values for the development of chronic hbv e antigen (hbeag)-negative hepatitis b (chb), hbv surface antigen (hbsag) seroclearance, and liver-related complications. patients and methods t...

Many recent and significant advances in the field of chronic viral hepatitis, including therapy, suggest that an update on chronic hepatitis is timely. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection remains a significant worldwide cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, despite the wide availability of a long established and effective vaccine. Transmission occurs via perinatal, sexual, and ...

Chronic hepatitis B infection is a global health problem that affects about 300 million people. Of these, 75% are Chinese. Most Chinese who become chronic carriers, contract the virus during the perinatal period. The natural history of these chronic hepatitis B carriers includes an initial immune tolerance phase, followed by immune clearance and an inactive hepatitis B non-replicative phase wit...

We describe the clinical course in 126 patients with delta hepatitis who have been evaluated in Los Angeles since 1967. In approximately two thirds of all patients, delta infection was associated with chronic hepatitis B. Most patients were members of two major risk groups: 65.9% were intravenous drug abusers, 11.9% were male homosexuals, and another 9.5% were both intravenous drug users and ma...

Hepatocyte expression of pre-S1 and pre-S2 in relation to hepatitis B virus replication (hepatitis B virus-DNA in serum and HBcAg in the liver), histological activity and hepatitis delta virus superinfection was studied by indirect immunofluorescence on frozen sections of liver specimens from 68 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. All 44 patients with chronic type B hepatitis had...

Background: HIV infected persons are also at risk for Infection with other pathogens, like Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV). One of the main steps in the planning of treatment and prevention is the study of the HIV positive population who have HBV and/or HCV infection. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV and Hepatitis B and C dual infection in ...

Despite the existence of a safe and effective vaccine, Nigeria has remained a hyper-endemic area for hepatitis B virus infection, with estimated 12% of the total population being chronic carriers. Vertical transmission is an important route of transmission for hepatitis B virus infection. Neonates who contact hepatitis B virus infection will have an almost 90% risk of developing chronic hepatit...

BACKGROUND Perinatal and horizontal are the common modes of transmission of hepatitis-B virus in children. CASE CHARACTERISTICS Two mother-child pairs with children having received multiple blood transfusions in past. OBSERVATION Both the mothers developed acute hepatitis-B infection whereas children were demonstrated to be having chronic infection with hepatitis-B. OUTCOME One mother cle...