background :chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a third leading cause of death.   methods : in this case control study, we prepared 5 cc bloods from the antecubital vein of 100 copd patients and 40 healthy individuals as control group. vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) expression protein level was measured by elisa in both groups.   results : we found that concentration of v...

REFERENCES 1. National Clinical Guideline Centre. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: management of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary and secondary care. Updated. London: National Clinical Guideline Centre, 2010. 2. Department of Health/Respiratory Team. Consultation on a strategy for services for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in England. London, Dep...

This research aimed to explore the ACE (insertion/deletion) gene association as key factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development in north Indian population. A total of 200 clinically diagnosed patients with COPD were selected against 200 healthy individuals. Genetic variations of ACE (insertion/deletion) were evaluated by using polymerase chain reaction ...

The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) has defined stage I chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC)% <70% and a FEV1% predicted of >80%. Stage 2 has been defined as FEV1/FVC <70% and a FEV1% pred of <80%. The authors examined the extent of COPD misdiagnosis using this definition in healthy,...

background and objective: the main causes of nocturnal hypoxemia are pulmonary diseases or sleep related breathing disorders. in overlap syndrome, the co-existence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and ob-structive sleep apnea (osa), blood oxygen alteration, and hypercapnia may be more severe. we aimed to study hypox-emia markers in osa patients with or without copd. materials and...

objective : patients with chronic physical diseases sometimes show increased loss of function; such patients need more care. anxiety is a well-known symptom that is prevalent among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients that can prolong and increase the risk of hospitalization. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the severity of anxiety in the mentioned patients and to examine the...

c-reactive protein (crp) is an acute-phase protein synthesized predominantly by the hepatocytes in response to tissue damage or inflammation. levels of acute-phase proteins rise rapidly, during infection and after injury. we take up the study to correlate serum crp levels with other important predictive markers of outcome in copd. patient with stable copd (no exacerbation in the last two months...

conclusions in short term, using the self-management program can lead to increased exercise tolerance and decreased dyspnea in patients with copd; thus, this program is recommended as an effective way to improve the functional statuses of these patients. results there was no significant difference between the groups in exercise tolerance at base line; but, they were significantly different at t...

background & aim: the aim of this clinical trial study was to evaluate sleep quality in patients with chronic lung disease and the role of controlled breathing to improve the quality of sleep. methods & materials: sixty-four patients with chronic lung disease in two group (experimental and control group) enrolled in a 7 weeks. before interventions, the pittsburgh sleep quality index (psqi) and ...

References 1 Camp PG, Ramirez-Venegas A, Sansores RH, et al. COPD phenotypes in biomass smokeversus tobacco smokeexposed Mexican women. Eur Respir J 2014; 43: 725–734. 2 Agustı́ A. Phenotypes and disease characterization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Toward the extinction of phenotypes? Ann Am Thorac Soc 2013; 10: Suppl., S125–S130. 3 Ramı́rez-Venegas A, Sansores RH, Pérez-Padilla R, ...