The idea of visual complexity, the history of its measurement, and its implications for behavior are reviewed, starting with structuralism and Gestalt psychology at the beginning of the 20th century and ending with visual complexity theory, perceptual learning theory, and neural circuit theory at the beginning of the 21st. Evidence is drawn from research on single forms, form and texture arrays...

M icrowave equivalent-circuit theory is like a grand old building: elegant, carefully crafted, passed from generation to generation, and rooted in history. Traveling waves, the measureable electromagnetic field solutions of Maxwell’s equations in a transmission line, form the foundation of the theory. You must descend into the basement to see them; not many people do so. It is in this “basement...

We discuss the most important and simple concept of basic circuit theory—the concept of the unideal source—or the Thevenin circuit. It is explained firstly how the Thevenin circuit can be interpreted in the algebraic sense. Then, we critically consider the common opinion that it is a linear circuit, showing that linearity (or nonlinearity) depends on the use of the port. The difference between ...

The conception of memristor as the fourth fundamental component in circuit theory, creates a new approach in nonlinear circuit design. In this paper the complex dynamics of Chua’s canonical circuit implemented by using a memristor instead of the nonlinear resistor, was studied. The proposed memristor is a flux-controlled one, described by the function W(φ) = dq(φ) dφ , where q(φ) is a cubic fun...

Abstract After the discovery in early 1960s by E. Lorenz and Y. Ueda of first example a chaotic attractor numerical simulation real physical process, new scientific direction analysis behavior dynamical systems arose. Despite key role this discovery, later on number works have appeared supposing that attractors considered models are rather artificial, computer-induced objects, i.e., they genera...

Abstract In this paper, we first construct thermofield double states for bosonic string theory in the light-cone gauge. We then obtain a coherent-thermal state and thermal-coherent state. use covariance matrix approach to calculate circuit complexity of states. approach, generate optimal geodesics by horizontal generator, using length minimal group manifold.