Outsourcing has been increasing in recent years as more firms in the developed countries have decided to outsource part of their production activities to their subsidiaries or local firms in the developing countries. Outsourcing either reduces a firm’s cost of labor or gives a firm better access to the local market so as to gain a larger market share. This rise in outsourcing activities has cre...

This article presents six case studies of the experiences of Turkish women whose husbands were labor migrants. The article opens with an overview of labor emigration from Turkey to developed countries in Europe starting in the early 1960s and continues with a review of the literature that considers migrant women as an analytical category. The literature review then addresses the prevalent emp...

The European labor market allows for the border-free mobility of workers across 31 countries that cover most continent’s population. However, rates migration remain considerably lower than interstate in United States, and spatial variation terms unemployment or income levels is larger. We document patterns Europe, which include a sizable from east to west last twenty years. An analysis worker-l...

In Nepal, international labor migration to India and overseas as well as internal migration to the rural Nepalese lowlands are of a high socio-economic significance. Scholarly debates about migration in Nepal have gradually shifted from an economic to a more holistic perspective, also incorporating social dimensions. However, little evidence has been generated about internal migration to urban ...

I study the impact of East-West internal migration in Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall on wages and unemployment rates in West German local labor markets. Because migrants’ choice of destination is likely to be correlated with local labor market conditions, I instrument migration ‡ows into each western labor market with the distance to each of the East German regions sending migrants a...