Based on recent studies by Guy Jumarie [1] which defines probability density of fractional order and fractional moments by using fractional calculus (fractional derivatives and fractional integration), this study expands the concept of probability density of fractional order by defining the fractional probability measure, which leads to a fractional probability theory parallel to the classical ...

astrophysics is becoming now an integral part of general physics. considering the black hole theory ,which is a new and exciting branch of relativistic astrophysics, we see many connections between elementary particle physics and astrophysics. in this article we attempt to explain the development of star physics ,in an easy ,understandable manner. previous knowledge of relativistic theory or cl...

Despite the well-known theoretical differences between item response theory (IRT) and classical test theory (CTT), research examining their empirical properties has failed to reveal consistent, demonstrable differences due to usage of samples with errors, incorrect assumptions & incorrect calculations. Dr. Natarajan (India, 1984) had proved the item invariance with his classic 20 X 76 test data...

Generalizability (G) theory is a statistical theory for evaluating the dependability (or reliability) of behavioral measurements (Cronbach, Gleser, Nanda, & Rajaratnam, 1972; see also Brennan, 2001; Shavelson & Webb, 1991). G theory permits the researcher to address such questions as: Is the sampling of tasks or judges the major source of measurement error? Can I improve the reliability of the ...