We present a method for verifying the correctness of imperative programs which is based on the automated transformation of their specifications. Given a program prog, we consider a partial correctness specification of the form {φ} prog {ψ}, where the assertions φ and ψ are predicates defined by a set Spec of possibly recursive Horn clauses with linear arithmetic (LA) constraints in their premis...

In Bounded Model Checking (BMC), the search for counterexamples of increasing lengths is translated into a sequence of satisfiability (SAT) checks. It is natural to try to exploit the similarity of these SAT instances by forwarding clauses learned during conflict analysis from one instance to the next. The methods proposed to identify clauses that remain valid fall into two categories: Those th...

The purpose of this paper was to examine English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ comprehension adjectives and adjective clauses by writing in different phases. first phase, students were an individual sentence using clauses. next phase creating paragraphs the same rules that they used previously. framework present research Bloom’s taxonomy development from lowest levels cognition into hig...

In the present paper we use the approach of height functions to deening a semi-distance measure between Horn clauses. This appraoch is already discussed elsewhere in the framework of propositional and simple rst order languages (atoms). Hereafter we prove its applicability for Horn clauses. We use some basic results from lattice theory and introduce a family of language independent coverage-bas...

φ ≡ C1 ∧ · · · ∧ Cm , where each Ci is a clause of the form Ci = (li1 ∨ li2 ∨ li3) and each lij is in turn xij or its negation xij . We assume that each clause contains three distinct variables. In the problem Max 3-SAT, the goal is not necessarily to satisfy all the clauses, but rather find an assignment to the variables which satisfies as many clauses as possible. We show that for any formula...

Most Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) systems use a greedy covering algorithm to nd a set of clauses that best model positive examples. This set of clauses is called a theory and can be seen as an ensemble of clauses. It turns out that the search for a theory within the ILP system is very time consuming and often yields overly complex classi ers. One alternative approach to obtain a theory is ...

A complex sentence, divided into clauses, can be analyzed more easily than the complex sentence itself. We present here, the task of identification and classification of clauses in Hindi text. To the best of our knowledge, not much work has been done on clause boundary identification for Hindi, which makes this task more important. We have built a rule based system using linguistic cues such as...