BACKGROUND So far, the cumulative installed capacity of wind power projects in India is far below their gross potential (</= 15%) despite very high level of policy support, tax benefits, long term financing schemes etc., for more than 10 years etc. One of the major barriers is the high costs of investments in these systems. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol provides in...

The negotiations for a global climate agreement recognize that substantial and additional funds need to be generated for assisting adaptation in developing countries. Currently, the 2% adaptation levy (AL) on the clean development mechanism (CDM) is intended to serve this purpose under the Kyoto Protocol. This paper analyses whether such an arrangement can achieve its objectives, and thereby di...

This chapter aims to contribute to the effective design of the rules that could allow lowcost carbon sequestration efforts in any number of tropical locations to replace high-cost emissions-reduction efforts in developed northern countries.2 The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol could potentially create such a market. This market could provide benefits for the tropical cou...

The Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) constrains industrial polluters to buy/sell CO2 allowances depending on a regional depolluting objective of -8% of CO2 emissions by 2012 compared to 1990 levels. Companies may also buy carbon offsets from developing countries, funding emissions cuts there instead, under a Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). This article critically analyzes the pr...

with effects at different scales, local to global. An increasing number of environmental issues exhibit such linkages, both in effect and in driving force, including loss of biodiversity, land degradation, and climate change. It is typically recognized that management of all commons, including the global atmosphere and forests, requires robust institutions to coordinate and cooperate at differe...

As empirical evidence that human activities are affecting the global climate increases, so do efforts to identify and evaluate climate mitigation and adaptation options. Forest managers and policy makers around the world are increasingly participating in and following such efforts, since forestry activities (e.g., reforestation, slowing deforestation, or improved forest management) could in pri...