One of the most notorious examples of cooperation between different species happens in the cleaner-client fish mutualism. The best known cleaner fish species, the bluestreak Indo-Pacific cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus has been a model system to study the evolution of cooperation between unrelated animals and between distinct species during the last couple of decades. Given that the cleaner...

The Bioinformatics Links Directory, http:// bioinformatics.ca/links_directory, is an actively maintained compilation of servers published in this and previous issues of Nucleic Acids Research issues together with many other useful tools, databases and resources for life sciences research. The 2007 update includes the 130 websites highlighted in the July 2007 Web Server issue of Nucleic Acids Re...

Nanotechnology, the engineering of func­ tional materials at an atomic or molecular scale, has been among the fastest growing fields of science and technology. Worldwide sales of products incorporating nanotechnolo­ gy are projected to total $2.6 trillion by 2014, according to a 2004 report from Lux Research titled Sizing Nanotechnology’s Value Chain. But with the increasing use of nano materia...

This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of Biosecur(®) citrus extract surface cleaner against Vibrio vulnificus using plate count method. Two concentrations, 0.5% and 2% of Biosecur(®) surface cleaner were plated on Vibrio vulnificus Agar (VVA) and tested for reduction of Vibrio vulnificus. In order to investigate the lasting residual activity of Biosecur(®), antibacterial activity test...

Cleaning is a major problem associated with pools. Since the manual cleaning is tedious and boring there is an interest in automating the task. This paper presents methods for autonomous localization and navigation for a pool cleaner to enable full coverage of pools. Path following cannot be ensured through use of internal position estimation methods alone; therefore sensing is needed. Sensor b...

TEM and SEM analysis of the tibio-tarsal antennal cleaner in Messor rufitarsis reveals a pore region on the surface of the basitarsus. These pores are originating from a cluster of highly prismatic epidermal cells that fill the anterior hemolymph space of the leg almost completely. Within the cytoplasma of the cells, basal labyrinth, nucleus/rough endoplasmic reticulum, 'secondary lysosomes', a...

BACKGROUND More than 3 billion of the world's population are affected by household air pollution from relying on unprocessed solid fuels for heating and cooking. Household air pollution is harmful to human health, climate, and environment. Sustained uptake and use of cleaner cooking technologies and fuels are proposed as solutions to this problem. In this paper, we present our study protocol ai...

A water soluble, Bronsted acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid as an efficient organocatalyst was used for the synthesis of physiologically active 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives from o-phenylenediamine and aromatic aldehydes in ethanol at reflux condition. Cost-effectiveness, use of non-hazardous solvents, metal free and commercially available catalyst, single-step, environmentally fri...

Bacterial Cellulose biosynthesis is one of the most important applied biochemical processes in biology. In order to explain the detailed molecular events of bacterial cellulose biosynthesis, we discuss in this work, the different steps required for bacterial cellulose formation and crystallization from sugar cane and honey. The potential of organisms to produce biocellulose fibers was analyzed....