Interactions between the bluestreak cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus and its client reef fish are a textbook example of interspecific mutualism. The fact that clients actively visit cleaners and invite inspection, together with evidence that cleaners eat many client ectoparasites per day, indeed strongly suggests a mutualistic relationship. What remains unknown is how parasite removal affect...

This article considers the suitability of current robots designed to assist humans in accomplishing their daily domestic tasks. With several million units sold worldwide, robotic vacuum cleaners are currently the figurehead in this field. As such, we will use them to investigate the following key question: Could a robot possibly replace the hand-operated vacuum cleaner? One must consider not ju...

The movement of robots from the production line to the service sector provides a potentially radical solution to innovate and transform public service delivery. Although robots are increasingly being adopted in service delivery (e.g., healthand eldercare) to enhance and in some cases substitute labour-intensive services, the public administration research community is short on knowledge of the ...

The effects of seven commercially available alkaline cleaners used in the food processing industry, 0.025 M NaOH, and 0.025 M KOH on viability of wild-type (EDL 933) and rpoS-deficient (FRIK 816-3) strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in logarithmic and stationary phases of growth were determined. Cells were treated at 4 or 23 degrees C for 2, 10, or 30 min. Cleaners 2, 4, 6, and 7, which contai...

Cleaner shrimps are ecologically important members of coral reef communities, but for many species, cleaner status (i.e. dedicated, facultative and mimic), clientele and ecological role remain unverified or described. On Caribbean coral reefs, the spotted 'cleaner' shrimp Periclimenes yucatanicus forms symbioses with sea anemones that may serve as cleaning stations for reef fishes. The status o...

The traditional agricultural machine design were represented as 2D drawing, which is difficult to modify, and also not intuitive in the solid way for the form and structure. Therefore, software, UG-NX3, was used to conduct parameterized design of stubble cleaner parts. The parts were designed associatively and assembled virtually. The structure of the whole machine and the spatial distribution ...

background and objectives: in the era of global industrialization, enzymes are being used extensively in the various sectors including food processing. owing to the high price of enzymes, various initiatives have been undertaken by the r&d; sector for the development of new processes or improvement in the existing processes for production of cost effective enzymes. with the advancement in the f...

Abstract In much of the developing world, cooking accounts for largest share women’s time in home production. Does relying on solid fuels drive this burden? This study revisits a clean energy information experiment rural India to assess savings’ potential cleaner technologies. Treatment villages were randomly assigned receive about negative health effects with and public subsidies liquid petrol...