The pattern of recent surface warming observed in the Arctic exhibits both polar amplification and a strong relation with trends in the Arctic Oscillation mode of atmospheric circulation. Paleoclimate analyses indicate that Arctic surface temperatures were higher during the 20th century than during the preceding few centuries and that polar amplification is a common feature of the past. Paleocl...

This work apply a previously published method to detect abrupt climate changes using a logistic model. As the authors state this kind of models are profusely used to study dynamical systems that have two different stable states and are able to change and jump from one state to the other. In a previous work in this same journal the authors have applied this method to study variability of Pacific...

Global temperatures are known to have varied over the past 1500 years, but the spatial patterns have remained poorly defined. We used a global climate proxy network to reconstruct surface temperature patterns over this interval. The Medieval period is found to display warmth that matches or exceeds that of the past decade in some regions, but which falls well below recent levels globally. This ...

This work apply a previously published method to detect abrupt climate changes using a logistic model. As the authors state this kind of models are profusely used to study dynamical systems that have two different stable states and are able to change and jump from one state to the other. In a previous work in this same journal the authors have applied this method to study variability of Pacific...

In the western tropical Pacific, the interannual migration of the Indonesian Low convective system causes changes in rainfall that dominate the regional signature of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system. A 96-year oxygen isotope record from a Tarawa Atoll coral (1 degrees N, 172 degrees E) reflects regional convective activity through rainfall-induced salinity changes. This monthly re...

Monthly composite data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite sensor was used to reconstruct vegetation dynamics in response to climate patterns over the period 2001–05 for North America. Results imply that plant growth over extensive land areas were closely coupled to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects on regional climate. Areas strongly tied to recen...

The identification of causal effects is a fundamental problem in climate change research. Here, a new perspective on climate change causality is presented using the central England temperature (CET) dataset, the longest instrumental temperature record, and a combination of slow feature analysis and wavelet analysis. The driving forces of climate change were investigated and the results showed t...

A new mechanism is proposed that explains two key features of the observed El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon—its irregularity and decadal amplitude changes. Using a low-order ENSO model, the authors show that the nonlinearities in the tropical heat budget can lead to bursting behavior characterized by decadal occurrences of strong El Niño events. La Niña events are not affected, a ...

The success of an ENSO-based statistical rainfall prediction scheme and the in#uence of ENSO on Australia are shown to vary in association with a coherent, inter-decadal oscillation in surface temperature over the Paci"c Ocean. When this Inter-decadal Paci"c Oscillation (IPO) raises temperatures in the tropical Paci"c Ocean, there is no robust relationship between year-to-year Australian climat...

Tree radial growth and seedling establishment of Nothofagus pumilio at alpine treeline near 408 S latitude in Chile and Argentina show timeand site-dependent relationships to interannual-and decadal-scale climate variation. Six treelines were sampled at two spatial scales corresponding to regional and local climates. A shift in climate from cool–wet to warm–dry conditions facilitated comparison...