after years of trying to make independent phd course, nursing could create two independent course including research-focused course (phd) and clinical practice -focused (dnp). phd focused more on research and dnp emphasis more on clinical activities and innovative clinical application of evidence-based research results. presence or absence of dnp is still a debate as a challenge in nursing. in ...

BACKGROUND: Catheter, needle, and electrode misplacement in navigated neurosurgery can result in ineffective treatment and severe complications. OBJECTIVE: To assess the Ommaya ventricular catheter localization accuracy both along the planned trajectory and at the target. METHODS: We measured the localization error along the ventricular catheter and on its tip for 15 consecutive patients who un...

The emergence of fungal species as opportunistic pathogens has warranted further studies on their pathogenicity, epidemiology, and transmissibility. Fungal genotyping has been employed to study the genetic relatedness within the organism, in order to obtain answers to epidemiological questions (such as in outbreak confirmation) as well as to provide basis for the improvement for patients care. ...

Pharmacogenetics primarily uses genetic variation to identify subgroups of patients who may respond differently to a certain medication. Since its first description, the field of pharmacogenetics has expanded to study a broad range of cardiovascular drugs and has become a mainstream research discipline. Three principle classes of pharmacogenetic markers have emerged: 1) pharmacokinetic; 2) phar...

P reservation of the natural dentition and restqration of the oral cavity to a normal functional state is a primary goal in dentisiry. In addition to advances in cariology and periodontics, the use of intrabone implants has provided a method for maintaining a functional oral environment. There are two types of dental implants; prosthetic implants that replace missing teeth and endodontic impla:...

Case #1: Arsenic Exposure This first case involved a young man who was experiencing a number of health complaints of undetermined origin. His symptoms were general, but periodic fatigue and confusion were of major concern. Other laboratory tests that were performed failed to show any significant abnormalities that could pinpoint a reason for his vague symptoms. Therefore, the doctor submitted a...

THE brain, like the heart, produces electrical waves during life. Caton, an English physiologist, was the first to measure these electrical potentials in the exposed brain of the rabbit (1875).1 It was not until 1929, however, that Hans Berger,2 a German psychiatrist at J ena, picked up electrical waves from the human brain by means of needle electrodes inserted into the scalp, and recorded the...