We present the performance of OFDM systems with coding, spreading, and clipping. Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes give coding gains and spreading by the Walsh Hadamard transform gives gains in terms of increased frequency diversity as well as reduced peak-toaverage power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted OFDM signal. By evaluating both the IFFT transform (OFDM) and the Walsh Hadamard transfo...

OBJECTIVE The surgical clipping of paraclinoid segment internal carotid artery aneurysms is considered difficult because of the complex anatomical location and important neighboring structures. Our experiences of pterional craniotomy and extradural anterior clinoidectomy (EAC) to clip paraclinoid aneurysms are reported herein. METHODS We present two patients with paraclinoid aneurysms who und...

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been used in many advanced wireless communication systems due to its high spectral efficiency and robustness to frequency selective fading channels. However, the major concern with OFDM system is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal. Some of the popular techniques used for PAPR reduction in OFDM system are co...

A widely-used description of vegetation response to fire is that species can be clearly classified as sprouters or non-sprouters. We aimed to assess: (1) how well this dichotomous classification (sprouter/non-sprouter) described the responses of a semiarid flora to experimental disturbance; (2) how similar were sprouting responses to treatments mimicking intense herbivory and fire; (3) how well...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although coiling has been favorably comparable with clipping for treatment of most intracranial aneurysms, there is a controversy on which modality is safer for anterior choroidal artery (AchoA) aneurysm. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes and treatment-related complications after surgical clipping and endovascular coiling of AchoA aneurysms. MATERIALS A...

Introduced perennial grasses are one of the greatest constraints to prairie restoration. Herbicides suppress but do not eliminate introduced grasses, so we explored the interaction of herbicide with two additional controls: heavy clipping (to simulate grazing) and competition from native species. A 50-year-old stand of the introduced perennial grass Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass) in t...

Plant branching is a key process in the yield elaboration of winter oilseed rape (WOSR). It is also involved in plant tolerance to flower damage because it allows the setting of new fertile inflorescences. Here we characterize the changes in the branching and distribution of the number of pods between primary and secondary inflorescences in response to floral bud clippings. Then we investigate ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endovascular therapy has increasingly become the most common treatment for unruptured cerebral aneurysms in the United States. We evaluated a national, multi-hospital database to examine recent utilization trends and compare periprocedural outcomes between clipping and coiling treatments of unruptured aneurysms. METHODS The Premier Perspective database was used to ident...

As one of the most attractive techniques, partial transmit sequence (PTS) provides an effective solution for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, however, results in large computational complexity simultaneously. Compared to PTS, clipping provides a simpler way towards a better PAPR performance, whereas results in degradation...

The speech intelligibility index (SII) (ANSI S3.5-1997) provides a means for estimating speech intelligibility under conditions of additive stationary noise or bandwidth reduction. The SII concept for estimating intelligibility is extended in this paper to include broadband peak-clipping and center-clipping distortion, with the coherence between the input and output signals used to estimate the...