A simple and fast analysis procedure for supernova spectra is presented. Included in the presentation is an introduction to the Sobolev method of radiative transfer, a description of a simple model of a supernova, a catalogue of line profiles illustrating line formation in the simple supernova model, and an example analysis of the SN 1987A photometry and optical spectra. The SN 1987A analysis i...

There has been an explosion of interest in studying gene-environment interactions (GxE) as they relate to the development of psychopathology. In this article, I review different methodologies to study gene-environment interaction, providing an overview of methods from animal and human studies and illustrations of gene-environment interactions detected using these various methodologies. Gene-env...

The hypothesis is considered that: Once an AI system with roughly human-level general intelligence is created, an “intelligence explosion” involving the relatively rapid creation of increasingly more generally intelligent AI systems will very likely ensue, resulting in the rapid emergence of dramatically superhuman intelligences. Various arguments against this hypothesis are considered and foun...

We show that the ”puzzling” chemical composition observed in the extremely metal poor star HE0107-5240 may be naturally explained by the concurrent pollution of at least two supernovae. In the simplest possible model a supernova of quite low mass (∼ 15 M⊙), underwent a ”normal” explosion and ejected ∼ 0.06 M⊙ of Ni while a second one was massive enough (∼ 35 M⊙) to experience a strong fall back...

A new model of gamma bursts (GB) generated by MACHO’s in the form of noncompact dark matter halo objects (NO) is proposed. The model explain well the spherical symmetry, logN − logS curve of GB absolutely identically to the well-known giant dark matter halo (GDMH) model. The main difficulty of GDMH model – the lack of neutron stars in our galactic halo is eliminated because of the large number ...

In this work the structure, magnetic properties and of magnetocaloric effect large batches FeNi nanoparticles were studied for selected compositions close to invar. Nanoparticles synthesized by method electric explosion wire using various technological parameters ensuring difference in their dispersion parameters. The main variable parameter was degree overheating material. use different condit...

BACKGROUND After an explosion and fire in two tanks containing contaminated oil and sulphur products in a Norwegian industrial harbour in 2007, the surrounding area was polluted. This caused an intense smell, lasting until the waste was removed two years later. The present study reports examinations of tear film break up time among the population. The examinations were carried out because many ...

The central engine that drives gamma ray burst (GRB) explosions may derive from the ability of electrons/positrons and nucleons to tap into the momentum and energy from the large neutrino luminosity emitted by an accretion disk surrounding a black hole. This transfer of momentum and energy occurs due to neutrino absorption, scattering, and annihilation and the non-spherical geometry of the sour...

The energetics of optical and radio afterglows following BeppoSAX and BATSE gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) suggests that gamma-ray emission is not narrowly collimated, but a moderate beaming is possible, so the total energy of a GRB may be in the range ∼ 10 − 10 erg. All attempts to generate a fireball powered by neutrino-antineutrino annihilation have failed so far, and a rapid rotation combined with...