The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been shown to play a central role in regulating cell growth and metabolism. However, little is known about the function mTOR nutrient metabolism bivalve mollusks. In this study, regulation was investigated Sinonovacula constricta. First, activation assayed after starvation refeeding. Afterwards, using an activator (MHY1485) or inhibitor (rapamycin) m...

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the major flux determining enzyme for lipogenesis is controlled both acutely through reversible phosphorylation [ I ] and chronically through changes in gene transcription [2] Regulation of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene is complex due to the use of a dual promoter system and alternative exon splicing resulting in transcripts with the same open reading frame but with he...

Extracts from human platelets contain the enzymes of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. The pattern of incorporation of acetate-1-(14)C into fatty acids by intact platelets indicates that these enzymes function in platelets. The level of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase activity in extracts of platelets from normal subjects is 0.036 +/-0.01 mmumole of malonyl-CoA formed per min per mg of prote...

The assimilation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic material is quantitatively the most important biosynthetic process. We discovered that an autotrophic member of the archaeal order Sulfolobales, Metallosphaera sedula, fixed CO2 with acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA)/propionyl-CoA carboxylase as the key carboxylating enzyme. In this system, one acetyl-CoA and two bicarbonate molecules were redu...

1. The effect of nutritional status on fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue was compared with the effect of cold-exposure. Fatty acid synthesis was measured in vivo by 3H2O incorporation into tissue lipids. The activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase and the tissue concentrations of malonyl-CoA and citrate were assayed. 2. In brown adipose tissue of control mice, ...

Activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a central role in allowing cells to adapt to nutrient deprivation in vitro. This link between AMPK activity and nutritional status has raised the possibility that AMPK plays a role in the metabolic adaptation to acute and chronic nutritional stress. However, the effects of nutritional stress on AMPK activity in vivo hav...