Carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from conventional coal-based power plants is a growing concern for the environment. Chemical looping combustion (CLC), pre-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion are promising CO2 capture technologies which allow clean electricity generation from coal in an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant. This work compares the characteristics of the above thr...

In recent years, global warming has been a major issue due to continuous growth of greenhouse gas emissions from different sources. It has been estimated that the global average temperature will rise between 1.4 –5.8 °C by the year 2100 (Williams, 2002). The contributors to greenhouse effects are carbon dioxide (CO2), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The contr...

Coal combustion is one of the largest contemporary sources of anthropogenic mercury (Hg). It releases geologically sequestered Hg to the atmosphere, and fly ash can contaminate terrestrial and aquatic systems. We estimate that coal combustion has released a cumulative total of 38.0 (14.8-98.9, 80% C.I.) Gg (gigagrams, 109g or thousand tonnes) of Hg to air, land, and water up to the year 2010, m...

Tabas mines in Iran have coal sources which are suitable for use in metallurgy industries as coking coal. But the high sulfur content of this coal imposes severe limitations on its utilization as the sulfur oxide gases evolved from the combustion of high sulfur coals result in acid rains and corrosion of equipments. In this work, attempts have been made to reduce sulfur from high sulfur coa...

In this paper a survey of literature dealing with emissions of heavy metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbons during coal combustion is given. The paper is focused not only at big industrial furnaces, but also at problems of small scale furnaces. There is a lot of studies dealing with industrial coal combustion. On the contrary studies dealing with small scale furnaces are substantially less freque...

This review deals with the analysis of mercury present in different types of solid, liquid and gaseous samples involved in the coal combustion process, focusing on the specific characteristics of each type of sample and the problems typically associated with these products. The main aim of the paper is to describe the methods that, at the current stage of development, are preferable in each cas...

Particle-byparticle scanning electron microscopy (PBPSEM) and scanning electron microscopy point count (SEMPC) are being developed and applied for characterizing the inorganic phases in coal and coal combustion products. PBPSEM sizes, identifies, and quantifies coal mineral constituents and the degree of mineral-coal association. SEMPC determines the chemical composition and abundance of inorga...

With the reduction of natural gas and petroleum sources and subsequent increases in their costs, energy from coal is becoming increasingly popular. However, coal is not a clean technology, so with this demand comes a demand to make this energy source more environmentally friendly. Trace elements, such as mercury, arsenic, and selenium, are highly volatile and are known to escape into the atmosp...

Coal is a heterogeneous mixture containing large quantities of organic and inorganic matter, including carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and organometallic forms. The presence of mineral matter in coal may result in a number of environmental and human health problems related to its mining, preparation, and combustion. During coal mining activities, large quantities of coal dust, ashes...

Coal contains many potentially harmful trace elements. Coal combustion in 22 unvented stoves, which is common in most parts of rural China, can release harmful emissions 23 into the air that when inhaled cause health issues. However, few studies have dealt specifically 24 with the toxicological mechanisms of the particulate matter (PM) released by coal and other 25 solid fuel combustion. In thi...