OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness (SR) of 2 types of orthodontic archwires made by 4 different manufacturers. METHODS This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 35 specimens of 7 different orthodontic archwires, namely, 1 nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwire each from the manufacturers American Orthodontics, OrthoTechnology, All-Star Orthodontics, and...

The formation of clathrin-coated pits at the plasma membrane requires the concerted action of many different molecules. The real challenge lies in determining the hierarchy of these interactions. We are using assays in both intact and permeabilized cells to dissect the temporal requirements for clathrin-coated vesicle formation, and also to examine the role of phosphorylation of the coat proteins.

The precise sequence of events promoting clathrin-coated vesicle assembly is still debated. In this issue, Kadlecova et al. (2017. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201608071) test structural models using quantitative microscopy in living cells to investigate the hierarchy and temporal importance of molecular events required for clathrin-coated pit initiation.

Clathrin-coated vesicles carry traffic from the plasma membrane to endosomes. We report here the real-time visualization of cargo sorting and endocytosis by clathrin-coated pits in living cells. We have detected the formation of coats by monitoring incorporation of fluorescently tagged clathrin or its adaptor AP-2; we have also followed clathrin-mediated uptake of transferrin and of single LDL ...

Open coil springs are commonly used in orthodontic practice to create space for a palatally or lingually blocked out tooth. However, very often the clinician encounters a situation where the inter-bracket span is very less and the open coil spring is not long enough to open the required space needed for alignment. In such situations, the clinician needs to remove the arch wire and reinserts a l...

We have previously demonstrated that the preendosomal compartment in addition to clathrin-coated vesicles, comprises distinct nonclathrin coated endocytic vesicles mediating clathrin-independent endocytosis (Hansen, S. H., K. Sandvig, and B. van Deurs. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 113:731-741). Using K+ depletion in HEp-2 cells to block clathrin-dependent but not clathrin-independent endocytosis, we hav...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of tooth displacement and vibration on frictional force and stick-slip phenomenon (SSP) when conventional brackets were used with a levelling/alignment wire. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples consisted of six groups (n = 10 per group) with combinations of tooth displacement (2mm lingual displacement [LD], 2mm gingival displacement [GD], and no displacement [c...

OBJECTIVE To compare the influence of archwire material (NiTi, beta-Ti and stainless steel) and brackets design (self-ligating and conventional) on the frictional force resistance. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two types of brackets (self-ligating brackets - Smartclip, 3M/Unitek - and conventional brackets - Gemini, 3M/Unitek) with three (0, 5, and 10 degrees) slot angulation attached with elastomeric...

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that self-ligation can reduce the chair time necessary for inserting and removing the archwire in a fully customized, multi-bracket, orthodontic, lingual appliance. A permuted-block, randomized trial design was employed to treat seven patients, each with Incognito(®) lingual appliances and Harmony(®) self-ligating lingual appliances. Three operators (a th...