In this paper, the secrecy problem in the state dependent causal cognitive interference channel is studied. The channel state is non-causally known at the cognitive encoder. The message of the cognitive encoder must be kept secret from the primary receiver. We use a coding scheme which is a combination of compress-and-forward strategy with Marton coding, Gel’fand-Pinsker coding and Wyner’s wire...

Since it was first reported in 1987, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused several economic crises worldwide. The current prevalence of PRRSV NADC30-like stains causing clinical disease outbreaks Chain is highly concerning. Immunization against the prevention this infection are burdensome for farming organizations as pathogen frequently mutates undergoes recombi...

conclusions the pc-ns3 possesses the capacity to express ns3 in the mammalian cell line and demonstrated strong immunogenicity in a murine model. our primary results demonstrated that the immunogenic truncated region of ns3 could be used as a potential vaccine candidate against hepatitis c. results the pcdna3.1 plasmid harboring the coding sequence of ns3 (pc-ns3) was constructed and confirmed ...

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a member of the pestivirus family, which shares many features in common with hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is shown here that CSFV has an exceptionally efficient cis-acting internal ribosome entry segment (IRES), which, like that of HCV, is strongly influenced by the sequences immediately downstream of the initiation codon, and is optimal with viral coding se...

Atypical porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which is caused by the Chinese highly pathogenic PRRS virus (HP-PRRSV), has resulted in large economic loss to the swine industry since its outbreak in 2006. However, to date, the region(s) within the viral genome that are related to the fatal virulence of HP-PRRSV remain unknown. In the present study, we generated a series of full-...

The DNA fragment encompassing the ras gene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus was sequenced and assigned the coding region of a transforming protein, p21, to the sequence. Examination of nucleotide sequence, taken together with the result of analysis of the ras mRNAs (1), has revealed that p21 is encoded from a continuous coding region starting with the 5' proximal initiation codon but not a proces...

We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of coxsackievirus A21 (CAV-21), the first member of this enterovirus subgroup to be analysed in molecular detail. The sequence, which is 7401 nucleotides long, encodes an open reading frame of 2206 codons, preceded by a 5' non-coding region of 711 nucleotides and followed by a 3' non-coding region of 72 nucleotides plus a poly(A) tract. The mo...

The capsid protein (CP) of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) is a multifunctional protein needed for virus assembly, suppression of RNA silencing-based antiviral defense, and long-distance movement in infected plants. In this report, we have examined genetic requirements for the different functions of TCV CP and evaluated the interdependence of these functions. A series of TCV mutants containing alter...

The nucleotide sequences of the coding region of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of pseudorabies virus strain NIA3 and a TK- mutant (ATK5) were determined. The coding region of the TK gene consists of 320 codons capable of producing a polypeptide with an Mr of 34979. The mutant expressed an inactive TK polypeptide when translated in vitro; a unique base substitution was detected in the mutant TK...