PrQcedures are exhibited and analyzed for converting a sequence of iid Bernoulli variables with unknown mean p into a Bernoulli variable with mean 1/2. The efficiency of several procedures is studied.

Classical statistics provides methods to analyze data, from simple descriptive measures to complex and sophisticated models. The available data are processed and then conclusions about a hypothetical population — of which the data available are supposed to be a representative sample — are drawn. It is not hard to imagine situations, however, in which data are not the only available source of in...

OBJECTIVE Is a watch and wait approach safe in asymptomatic patients presenting to the emergency department with a confirmed oesophageal coin on x-ray? METHODS A retrospective case note review for children <16 years attending with a confirmed oesophageal coin on x-ray over a 7-year period (1 January 2004 to 31 December 2010). RESULTS 89% (33/37) of coins in asymptomatic patients, who were c...

The COntext INterchange (COIN) strategy is an approach to solving the problem of interoperability of semantically heterogeneous data sources through context mediation. The existing implementation of COIN uses its own notation and syntax for representing ontologies. More recently, the OWL Web Ontology Language is becoming established as the W3C recommended ontology language. A bridge is needed b...

The design of a Multi-Agent System (MAS) to perform well on a collective task is non-trivial. Straightforward application of learning in a MAS can lead to sub optimal solutions as agents compete or interfere. The COllective INtelligence (COIN) framework of Wolpert et al. proposes an engineering solution for MASs where agents learn to focus on actions which support a common task. As a case study...

foreign body from outside but the rigidi^ of muscles due to pain prevented thisThen suddenly the idea struck me th? under amesthesia all the muscles of y1 neck would relax and would allow the foreign body to be removed by external manipulationAnatomically the idea appeared quite soundThe patient was again put under chlorofor^' By external palpation with the fingers of tn right hand, the coin wa...

Coin tossing is a basic cryptographic task that allows two distrustful parties to obtain an unbiased random bit in a way that neither party can bias the output by deviating from the protocol or halting the execution. Cleve [STOC’86] showed that in any r round coin tossing protocol one of the parties can bias the output by Ω(1/r) through a “fail-stop” attack; namely, they simply execute the prot...

Ecash is a concept of electronic cash which would allow users to carry money in form of digital coins. Transaction can be done both offline and online in absence of a third party/financial institution. This paper proposes an offline model which supports multiple usage of transferable ecoin. The protocol is based on RSA, digital signature and a two-step encryption process. In this two step encry...

In 20 patients undergoing hybrid total hip arthroplasty, the reproducibility and accuracy of templating using digital radiographs were assessed. Digital images were manipulated using either a ten-pence coin as a marker to scale for magnification, or two digital-line methods using computer software. On-screen images were templated with standard acetate templates and compared with templating perf...