Essential oils are used in a wide variety of consumer goods such as detergents, soaps, toilet products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, confectionery food products, soft drinks, distilled alcoholic beverages (hard drinks) and insecticides. The world production and consumption of essential oils and perfumes are increasing very fast. Production technology is an essential element to improve ...

The pelA and pelC genes from Erwinia chrysanthemi EC16 were sequenced and overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells. These genes and two others from the same strain that were characterized previously encode catalytically related pectate lyase proteins that are involved with the maceration and soft-rotting of plant tissue. The pel genes of strain EC16 were organized as two loosely linked clusters,...

The three-dimensional fine structure of cells composing the renal tissue was demonstrated by SEM after the removal of extracellular matrices by NaOH maceration. This paper focuses on glomerular mesangial cells, Goormaghtigh's cells (extraglomerular mesangial cells), and epithelial cells in the thin limbs of Henle's loop in the rat, rabbit and dog. Mesangial cells reveal rough surfaces covered w...

Abstract Kaemferia galanga L. or kencur is a traditional plant that known has potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities because of its chemical compound such as ethyl p -methoxycinnamate. This study aimed to analyze the ethanolic extract using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Kencur was extracted by cold maceration ethanol-water (70:30) at room temperature. From this procedure...

Sequential extraction using a cold maceration method and column chromatographic separation of the roots Kniphofia insignis headed to isolation three anthraquinones: one monomeric anthraquinone (1) two dimeric anthraquinones (2 3). It was further purified by Sephadex LH-20 recrystallized. The structures these compounds were established based on spectroscopic analyses including NMR (1H-NMR 13C-NM...

Endo-pectin lyase and endo-polygalacturonase of Aspergillus japonicus attack the middle lamella of plant tissue and cause tissue maceration. Galacturonides, neutral sugars, and proteins were released from potato tuber tissues during maceration by both purified enzymes. These three components accounted for 92% of the soluble products. The neutral sugars released were rhamnose, arabinose, and gal...