1. Five pregnant sheep, with indwelling catheters positioned for withdrawal of maternal right-atrial and foetal arterial blood, were exposed for 2 h to neutral and to cold (-10 and wool-clipped) environmental temperatures. Acute maternal cold exposure increased the concentrations of glucose, glycerol and non-esterified fatty acids in maternal plasma and increased the concentration of glucose in...

The last 20 years have seen the emergence of a novel technology capable of generating gas plasmas in the open air and at temperatures that are only slightly above ambient. These so-called Cold Atmospheric Plasmas (CAP) have characteristics that render them particularly suitable for a variety of applications in the food industry. In this presentation prevalence will be given to microbial deconta...

[1] We report on detailed observations by the four Cluster spacecraft of magnetic reconnection and a Flux Transfer Event (FTE) at the magnetopause. We detect cold (eV) plasma at the magnetopause with two independent methods. We show that the cold ions can be essential for the electric field normal to the current sheet in the separatrix region at the edge of the FTE and for the associated accele...

Hyaluronidase release was used as an index of acrosomal membrane damage during cold shock of epididymal boar sperm and ejaculated sperm from intact and vesiculectomized boars. Sperm were also incubated with seminal plasma from intact and vasectomized boars to examine the contributions of male accessory gland secretions. Acrosomal membranes of epididymal sperm were more resistant to cold shock t...

1. Six elderly (66-71 years) and six young (20-23 years) subjects (half of each group women) were cooled for 2 h in moving air at 18 degrees C to investigate possible causes of increased mortality from arterial thrombosis among elderly people in cold weather. Compared with thermoneutral control experiments, skin temperature (trunk) fell from 35.5 to 29.5 degrees C, with little change in core te...

Atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium (cold) plasmas are already known to be effective sterilization agents. This work further confirms the ability of cold plasma to inactivate pathogenic organisms in a live animal model. The rat wound model used here represents a surgical treatment situation whereby the wound is open and the bleeding is controlled. High concentration of Staphylococcus aureus is...

An exciting and extremely active area of research investigation during the past years has been the study of solitons and the related issue of the construction of solutions to a wide class of nonlinear equations. The concept of solitons has now become umbiquitous in modern nonlinear science and indeed can be found in various branches of physics. In nonlinear wave propagation through continuous m...

The equations describing planar magnetoacoustic waves of permanent form in a cold plasma are rewritten so as to highlight the presence of a naturally small parameter equal to the ratio of the electron and ion masses. If the magnetic field is not nearly perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, this allows us to use a multiple-scale expansion to demonstrate the existence and nature of ...

Articular cartilage connects diarthrodial joints, lubricates surface between bones, transfers and withstands repetitive load over the lifetime, which is prone to degeneration by various diseases, trauma and injuries. Once degeneration takes place, the avascular structure of human cartilage makes the self-healing extremely challenging. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to fabricate ...

A simple model for electromagnetic wave propagation through zerotemperature plasma is analyzed. Many of the complexities of the plasma state are present even under these idealized conditions, and a number of mathematical difficulties emerge. In particular, boundary value problems formulated on the basis of conventional electromagnetic theory turn out to be ill-posed in this context. However, co...