Heat transfer is one of the most critical processes in the industry, and by increasing the efficiency of the heat exchanger, energy consumption of systems will be reduced. Very tiny particles in nanoscale dimensions, when uniformly dispersed and stably suspended in the base fluid, efficiently improve the thermal properties of the base fluid. With the help of nanofluids, the heat transfer rate i...

Following closely the practice of peacekeeping, the literature on the subject has come in one small wave and then two larger ones. The first wave, during the Cold War, includes classic works focusing mainly on peacekeeping in wars between states. The second wave, at first inspired by the boom in peacekeeping shortly after the end of the Cold War, soon reflected disillusionment and focuses large...

Large-amplitude drift wave fluctuations are observed to cause severe ion temperature oscillations in plasmas of the Caltech Encore tokamak @J. M. McChesney, P. M. Bellan, and R. A. Stern, Phys. Fluids B 3, 3370 ~1991!#. Experimental investigations of the complete ion dynamical behavior in these waves are presented. The wave electric field excites stochastic ion orbits in the plane normal (') to...

BACKGROUND Many studies have investigated heat wave related mortality, but less attention has been given to the health effects of cold spells in the context of global warming. The 2008 cold spell in China provided a unique opportunity to estimate the effects of the 2008 cold spell on mortality in subtropical regions, spatial heterogeneity of the effects, stratification effect and added effects ...

The dispersion equation is analyzed for waves in a strongly magnetized, electron-positron plasma in which counterstreaming electrons are cold in their respective rest frames. For propagation parallel to the magnetic field the dispersion equation factorizes into equations for two longitudinal modes and four transverse modes. Instabilities occur in both longitudinal and transverse modes, with the...

Considerable concern has been raised on the severe wintertime haze episodes over eastern China (ECN) where visibility (Vis) decline in winter is identified from 1973 to 2012 ( 0.68 km per 10 years or 26% in 40 years). Based upon the analysis of daily Vis and weather records, cold wave (CW) originating from high latitudes is found to increase Vis by 2.7 km on average because of its relatively st...

We introduce a choice of reference wave functions that allows multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT) to describe ultracold collisions involving high-partial-wave quantum numbers L. This requires a careful standardization of the MQDT reference wave functions at long range to ensure their linear independence. To illustrate the simplicity and accuracy of the resulting theory, we perform a compr...

We present the realization of a compact micro-wave frequency synthesizer for an atom interferometer based on stimulated Raman transitions, applied to transportable inertial sensing. Our set-up is intended to address the hyperfine transitions of (87)Rb at 6.8 GHz. The prototype is evaluated both in the time and the frequency domain by comparison with state-of-the-art frequency references develop...

Cold dark matter (CDM) models predict small-scale structure in excess of observations of the cores and abundance of dwarf galaxies. These problems might be solved, and the virtues of CDM models retained, even without postulating ad hoc dark matter particle or field interactions, if the dark matter is composed of ultralight scalar particles (m approximately 10(-22) eV), initially in a (cold) Bos...

The current knowledge of cosmological structure formation suggests that Cold Dark Matter (CDM) halos possess a non-spherical density profile, implying that cosmic structures can be potential sources of gravitational waves via power transfer from scalar perturbations to tensor metric modes in the non-linear regime. By means of a previously developed mathematical formalism and a triaxial collapse...