Phase response curves (PRCs) have become an indispensable tool in understanding the entrainment and synchronization of biological oscillators. However, biological oscillators are often found in large coupled heterogeneous systems and the variable of physiological importance is the collective rhythm resulting from an aggregation of the individual oscillations. To study this phenomena we consider...

As illustrated herein, collective modes and colored noise conspire to produce beam halo with much larger amplitude than could be generated by either phenomenon separately. Collective modes are inherent to nonequilibrium beams with space charge. Colored noise arises from unavoidable machine transitions and/or errors that influence the internal space-charge force. Lowest-order radial eigenmodes c...

in literature and art, love and its two related  pillars, lover and beloved, have been observed abundantly to reach from ego to superego. there are symptoms of recondite- oriented and ardency to find mysterious concepts and hidden qualities in poems of hafiz which is not inappropriate with sacred mysteries. likeyung, he considers collective unconsciousness prior to personal history because he i...

In the field of nuclear dynamics a central theme has been the struggle to find the proper place for the complementary concepts referring to the independent motion of the individual nucleons and the collective behaviour of the nuccleus as a whole. This development has been a continuing process involving the interplay of ideas and discoveries relating to all different aspects of nuclear phenomena...

Using an exactly solvable cortical model of a neuronal network, we show that, by increasing the intensity of shot noise (flow of random spikes bombarding neurons), the network undergoes first-and second-order non-equilibrium phase transitions. We study the nature of the transitions, bursts and avalanches of neuronal activity. Saddle-node and supercritical Hopf bifurcations are the mechanisms of...

It is by now well-established that the molecule–metal interface can possess a range of surprising electronic properties that are of intense interest from both the basic science and applied research points of view. Indeed, this is emphasized throughout this book. Identifying and understanding these new properties is a very significant challenge not just for experiment, but also for theory. To a ...

We propose a novel explanation for bistable perception, namely, the collective dynamics of multiple neural populations that are individually meta-stable. Distributed representations of sensory input and of perceptual state build gradually through noise-driven transitions in these populations, until the competition between alternative representations is resolved by a threshold mechanism. The per...

A communication network, such as the Internet, comprises a complex system where cooperative phenomena may emerge from interactions among various traffic flows generated and forwarded by individual nodes. To identify and understand such phenomena, we model a network as a two-dimensional cellular automaton. We suspect such models can promote better understanding of the spatial-temporal evolution ...

Spectacular collective phenomena such as jamming, turbulence, wetting, and waves emerge when living cells migrate in groups.

The present study investigates the culture of development in Hawrami proverbs. Analysis of development-related variables is the basis of sociology. As collective phenomena, proverbs are part of the oral culture of a society and their investigation can sociologically explain cultural and social foundations of the society. This research attempts to specify 6 development-related parameters in Hawr...