objective: gut–brain axis (gba) is very important in creation and modulation of gastrointestinal problems. aloe vera gel has gastroprotective properties. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of aloe vera leaves on the gastric acid secretion and brain and intestinal water content following acetic acid gastric ulcer induction. materials and methods: gastric ulce...

background. the color masking ability of a restoration plays a significant role in coveringa discolored substructure; how-ever, this optical property of zirconia ceramics has not been clearly determined yet. the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color masking ability of a zirconia ceramic on substrates with different values. methods. ten zirconia disk specimens,0.5 mm in thickness ...

Distinct areas within the visual association cortex are specialized for representing specific stimulus features, such as V4 for color and V5/hMT+ for motion. Recent studies have demonstrated that areas associated with attended features exhibit enhanced cortical activity, whereas those associated with ignored features elicit reduced activity. However, the source of this attentional (or top-down)...

One of the difficulties in estimating optical flow is bias. Correcting the bias using the classical techniques is very difficult. The reason is that knowledge of the error statistics is required, which usually cannot be obtained because of lack of data. In this paper, we present an approach which utilizes color information. Color images do not provide more geometric information than monochromat...

In optical modulation, the highest available modulation rate is basically limited to the GHz frequency range at best. This is because optical modulation is often performed using electro-optic or acousto-optic effects that require application of an external signal to solid-state nonlinear optical materials. Here we describe optical modulation of continuous-wave radiation at frequencies exceeding...

It can be argued that optical communications had its origins in ancient times, where modulated sunlight was often used to convey information over large distances. For example, mirrors have been used to create bright flashes of light in certain directions, producing a form of on–off modulation. Similarly, blankets used to cover a signal fire periodically produced puffs of smoke that could be see...

This paper evaluates the role of various stages in the human visual system in the detection of spatial patterns. Contrast sensitivity measurements were made for interference fringe stimuli in three directions in color space with a psychophysical technique that avoided blurring by the eye's optics including chromatic aberration. These measurements were compared with the performance of an ideal o...

Abstract Electrochromic supercapacitors (ESCs) are appealing for smart electronic device applications due to their advantages of dual-function integration. Unfortunately, the synchronous evaluation and essential reaction mechanism ambiguous. Herein, we constructed a 3D WO 3-x nanowire networks/fluorine-doped tin oxide (WO NWNs/FTO) bifunctional electrode ESCs by solvothermal self-crystal seedin...

The present study integrates ideas and approaches from studies of psychophysics and conceptual development. Preschool age children were presented with creatures that either fit into a prototypical category or had features/labels from competing categories. Children were asked to complete classification (e.g., identify a creature’s category) and induction (e.g., identify a creatures missing featu...