As machine translation (MT) systems grow more complex and incorporate more linguistic knowledge, it becomes more difficult to evaluate independent pieces of the MT pipeline. Being able to inspect many of the intermediate data structures used during MT decoding allows a more fine-grained evaluation of MT performance, helping to determine which parts of the current process are effective and which...

Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) is a linguistic theory which studies the various aspects of linguistic structure and the relations between them. Traditional LFG analyses focus on two syntactic structures. Constituent structure (cstructure) represents word order and phrasal groupings, and functional structure (f-structure) represents grammatical functions like subject and object. These structur...

The objective of this article is to provide a formal basis that justifies assigning certain object model conceptual structures to particular linguistic structures in Spanish. In other words, we seek to answer the question: why does the conceptual pattern c correspond to the linguistic pattern l? Apart from the linguistic and conceptual worlds, another, intermediate world –the mathematical world...

This short monograph, which is a "direct descendant" of Steedman (1987), presents a redefinition, within the framework of combinatory categorial grammar (CCG), of the roles and responsibilities of the two theoretical components: surface structure and interpretation. Surface structures are taken to be simply records of the derivation process, while interpretations are predicate-argument structur...

Acquisitionists in the 1960's and 1970's have interpreted the semantic and syntactic patterns evident in children's two -word combinations under one of three analyses. These consist of (i) combinations of closed classes of constant terms (pivots) with a set of open class forms (Braine 1963), (ii) a set of surface structures reduced by transformations from underlying structures displaying semant...

the study of wave and its propagation on the water surface is among significant phenomena in designing quay, marine and water structures. therefore, in order to design structures which are exposed to direct wave forces, it is necessary to study and simulate water surface height and the wave forces on the structures body in different boundary conditions. in this study, the propagation of static ...

In this paper I outline Type-inheritance Combinatory Categorial Grammar (TCCG), an implemented feature structure based CCG fragment of English. TCCG combines the fully lexical nature of CCG with the type-inheritance hierarchies and complex feature structures of Headdriven Phrase Structure Grammars (HPSG). The result is a CCG/HPSG hybrid that combines linguistic generalizations previously only s...

The so-called Korean BNC (bound noun construction) displays complex syntactic, semantic, and constructional properties. This paper, couched upon a constraint-based approach, two different syntactic structures for the construction with articulated lexical properties for the BNs and relevant predicates. The paper reports an implementation of this analysis in the LKB (Linguistic Knowledge Building...

The paper proposes a linear representation of tree structures in order to evolve complex fuzzy rule sets for solving classification problems. In particular, linguistic rules are evolved, where the condition part of a rule can have an arbitrary structure of conjunctions and disjunctions. We describe an efficient rule representation scheme, which uses a genetic algorithm. The method is tested wit...