I. WHY STUDY SIMPLE SYSTEMS vertebrate brain. The simpler, more soluble systems we IF YOU WISH TO UNDERSTAND discuss here are neuromuscular systems-spinal and COMPLICATED PROBLEMS? brain-stem motoneurons and their target muscles. Our I A decision every scientist must grapple with is whether to approach directly a problem that is very important and therefore likely to be so complicated as to be ...

Recurrent epidemics of measles in developed countries offer a proving ground for current theories of complicated dynamics in ecological and epidemiological systems. This paper contrasts the basic forced SEIR model for measles with a variety of more complicated and realistic models, showing that variations in seasonal forcing and age-structured mixing patterns can generate a wide range of global...

Tubes with boiling are common elements of many processes. They appear in steam generators and refrigerators and many other systems. The behavior of such systems is complicated and many physical phenomena are involved. It has for example been observed that different types of instabilities can occur. In this paper we will discuss modeling of tubes with boiling. As an application we will discuss a...

The widespread adoption of autonomous adaptive systems depends on provided guarantees of safety and functional correctness, at both design time and runtime. Specifying adaptive systems is cognitively difficult when their aspects are in a large number and have complicated dependen-

background: cerebral malaria (cm) is one of the major causes of death in african populations infected with plasmodium falciparum. only 1% of infected subjects develop cm. the reasons for these differences are not fully understood, but it is likely that the host humoral response against blood-stage antigens plays a role in protection from malaria, although the precise targets and mechanisms medi...

Most systems for model–based reasoning record justifications during the search for solutions. In the popular ATMS systems this can lead to an explosion of recorded information when solving complicated problems. We propose an engine for model– based reasoning which works directly on logical models, uses static precompiled information on the structure of the underlying theory and does no further ...