We have previously discovered a long-lasting enhancement of synaptic transmission in mammal autonomic ganglia caused by immunological activation of ganglionic mast cells. Subsequent to mast cell activation, lipid and peptide mediators are released which may modulate synaptic function. In this study we determined whether some mast cell-derived mediators, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2; 1.0 microM), plat...

Acrolein-mediated myelin damage is thought to be a critical mechanism leading to conduction failure following neurotrauma and neurodegenerative diseases. The exposure and activation of juxtaparanodal voltage-gated K(+) channels due to myelin damage leads to conduction block, and K(+) channel blockers have long been studied as a means for restoring axonal conduction in spinal cord injury (SCI) a...

A critical barrier to future implementation of regenerative treatments for sensorineural hearing loss is the lack of diagnostic tools that can specify the target(s) within the cochlea and auditory nerve for delivery of therapeutic agents. This study used a gerbil model to test the idea of mapping auditory nerve firing density by tracking the amplitude of high-level compound action potentials (C...

The corrosion inhibition potential and efficacy of 2-hydropyrimidine-2-thione derivative on mildsteel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution was investigated using electrochemical polarization and FTIRspectroscopic techniques. In addition, docking studies were carried out as theoretical investigationof adsorption inhibitor on iron surface. The results of polarization studies indicate...

Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is characterized by an apparent discrepancy between measures of cochlear and neural function based on auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing. Clinical indicators of ANSD are a present cochlear microphonic (CM) with small or absent wave V. Many identified ANSD patients have speech impairment severe enough that cochlear implantation (CI) is indicate...

Comprehending the nature of action potentials is fundamental to our understanding functioning nervous systems in general. Here we consider their evolution and describe functions communication, modulation, computation within systems. The ionic mechanisms underlying squid giant axon were first described by Hodgkin Huxley 1952 findings have formed orthodox view how physiological potential function...

Each eye of Aplysia contains a population of electrically coupled pacemaker neurons whose synchronous activity can be recorded from the optic nerve as a compound action potential (CAP). The CAP frequency continues to show a circadian rhythm even when the eye is isolated from the animal and maintained in constant conditions, and thus it contains an autonomous circadian pacemaker, which may resid...

Ultrasonic blades have been shown to cause less acute electrophysiological damage when applied near nerves than monopolar electrosurgery (ES). This study was performed to determine whether the acute nerve damage observed for ES, as well as the relative lack of damage observed for ultrasonic dissection, extends through a subacute timeframe. Muscle incisions were made in rat with the Harmonic(®) ...

51 In this study, we used a novel technique to study reflex wind-up when the spinal cord is intact 52 and following an acute spinal transection. Specifically, we evaluated reflex responses evoked 53 by a series of ten electrical pulses to the tibial or superficial peroneal nerves in 9 decerebrate 54 adult cats, before and after an acute spinal transection. Electromyograms were recorded in 55 fo...