Sir, Primary cutaneous aspergillosis is rare and when seen it is usually associated with compromised immune status of the host. The lesions usually occur at the site of trauma, e.g. in a sick patient at the site of armboards, tapes or intravenous catheters. The fungus, Aspergillus, is a saprophytic dimorphic mould present in soil, decaying vegetation and organic debris. Clinically it involves t...

Cytohesin binder and regulator (Cybr) is known to regulate leukocyte adhesion and migration. However, its function in T-cells is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of Cybr in CD4(+) T-cell function and host immunity. Cybr inhibited p38 phosphorylation following CD4(+) T-cell stimulation. Since p38 regulates the expression of T-box expressed in T-cells (T-bet) but not GATA binding...

In contrast to mechanisms mediating uptake of intracellular bacterial pathogens, bacterial egress and cell-to-cell transmission are poorly understood. Previously, we showed that the transmission of pathogenic mycobacteria between phagocytic cells also depends on nonlytic ejection through an F-actin based structure, called the ejectosome. How the host cell maintains integrity of its plasma membr...

This paper describes a variation to the traditional intrusion detection approach motivated by longstanding challenges and recent trends in information security. Intrusion detection systems have historically focused on the protection of local resources by identifying signs of malicious activity that may help administrators prevent a break-in and limit its effects. Outbound intrusion detection fo...

Empyema caused by Kingella denitrificans and Peptostreptococcus spp. was diagnosed in a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma. This appears to be the third report providing evidence of a pathogenic role for K. denitrificans, and the first concerning infection in the pleural space and in a patient with underlying immunosuppressive disease. K. denitrificans should be added to the list of fastidious...

Opportunistic fungal pathogens live in soil as saprobes. They become pathogenic when the immune system of the host is compromised or suppressed. Present investigation is a case study carried out on a 65 years old patient suffering from acute skin infection in the lower part of the leg. Fungal samples were isolated from the patient suffering from acute skin infection in the lower part of leg. Al...

Wired networks are prone to the same attacks as wireless ones, including sniffing, spoofing and Man-in-the-middle attacks (MITM). In this paper we show how wireless networks are particularly vulnerable to a simple MITM that can make even rudimentary web surfing dangerous. We describe how we performed the attack and its ramifications. We argue why it is essential to have a VPN tunnel from the cl...

background: biting habit of mosquitoes plays an important role in the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases. mosquitoes use a set of elaborate sensory modalities to find their preferred hosts by exploiting cues emanating from a nearby host. it has been suggested that the chemical profile of skin can provide further support for anthropophilic mosquito species to find their suitable hosts. this...

The whole planet is facing one of the scariest pandemic situations in this era. On 11th February, 2020 the World Health Organization announced the name of an unknown disease as COVID-19, which is caused by the ssRNA virus SARS-CoV-2 (formally recognized as a sister of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV). The epicenter of this disease is Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. COVID-19 can affect all age groups but pa...