OC servomotors as appl ied t o robots and machine too l s can be app l ied e i t h e r as torque con t ro l devices o r speed cont ro l devices. For torque con t ro l the cur ren t t o the motor i s the i npu t var iab le , and f o r speed con t ro l the vol tage i s the i npu t var iab le . The se lec t i on o f the appropr iate type o f con t ro l va r iab le i s based upon the opera t ing sy...

Conflicting opinions exist as to whether the phasic (reflex) component alone or both the phasic and tonic (adaptive) components of the accommodation and vergence systems drive accommodative vergence and vergence accommodation crosslinks. In this study the dissociated phoria to a 2 D target was measured before and after accommodative adaptation to discriminate the two possibilities. Results show...

Covert spatial attention produces biases in perceptual and neural responses in the absence of overt orienting movements. The neural mechanism that gives rise to these effects is poorly understood. Here we report the relation between fixational eye movements, namely eye vergence, and covert attention. Visual stimuli modulate the angle of eye vergence as a function of their ability to capture att...

T his pap er pr esents t he results of a study of the geomet ric and arit hmetic prope rt ies of t he graph of a simple cellular automaton, considered as a mapping of t he uni t inter val to it self. T he graph provides an examp le of a st rict ly self-similar figur e and exhibits some numeric pr op ert ies relating to Fermat numbers. In ad dit ion an interest ing density resul t is proved: t h...

Orienting visual attention is closely linked to the oculomotor system. For example, a shift of attention is usually followed by a saccadic eye movement and can be revealed by micro saccades. Recently we reported a novel role of another type of eye movement, namely eye vergence, in orienting visual attention. Shifts in visuospatial attention are characterized by the response modulation to a sele...

Disparity-evoked vergence is studied in stereograms showing one or two depth planes which are defined by isolated dots of varying density and contrast. Vergence position immediately after stimulus presentation was measured using dichoptic nonius lines. Since the stimulus was not visible after the onset of the vergence movement, the experiment accesses the initiation of vergence rather than its ...

PURPOSE We examined whether congenital impairment of disparity vergence in infantile esotropia (ET) exists in children with short duration ET (≤3 months) compared with long-duration ET and healthy controls. A short duration of misalignment would allow for a substantial amount of balanced binocular input during the critical period of binocular disparity development. METHODS A total of 19 child...

For small objects moving smoothly in space close to the observer, smooth pursuit and vergence eye movements maintain target images near the foveae to insure high-resolution processing of visual signals about moving objects. Signals for both systems must be synthesized for pursuit-in-three-dimensions (3D). Recent studies have shown that responses of the majority of pursuit neurons in the frontal...

Although hyperglycemia is causally related to adverse outcomes after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether excessive O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), an important cardioprotective enzyme, was a mechanism for the hyperglycemic exacerbation of myocardial I/R i...