Aim: Response surface methodology (RSM) model was applied to optimize ethanol production from Calabash (Crescentia cujete) pulp juice using Cronobacter malonaticus. Study Design: The squeezed with muslin cloth, and vacuum filtered clear solution before use. tested for reducing sugars the Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Twenty three (23) runs, including 3 controls, of fermentation conducted ...

In a colloidal suspension with attractive interaction, particles form aggregates that settle to the bottom of the container. As the concentration of particles is increased, the overlapping of the aggregates (flocs) produces a continuous network throughout the suspension before settling occurs and a colloidal gel is formed. Colloidal gels may be divided into hard gels and soft gels. 1 Hard gels ...

We study with Monte Carlo methods an ensemble of c = −5 gravity graphs, generated by coupling a conformal field theory with central charge c = −5 to two-dimensional quantum gravity. We measure the fractal properties of the ensemble, such as the string susceptibility exponent γs and the intrinsic fractal dimensions dH . We find γs = −1.5(1) and dH = 3.36(4), in reasonable agreement with theoreti...

Abstract Identifying geological characteristics such as rock types and fractures is an important step in fractured reservoirs’ modeling developing oil gas fields. The productivity index (PI) essential parameter for this purpose. There are different methods separating identifying fractures, including simple statistical complex fractal based on the spatial structure of data. In study, areas were ...

Abstract The statistics of nonlinear processes in avalanching systems, based on the self-organized criticality (SOC) concept Bak et al. (1988), predicts power-law-like size (or occurrence frequency) distribution functions. Following up previous work, we define a standard SOC model terms six assumptions: (i) area fractality, (ii) volume (iii) flux–volume proportionality, (iv) classical diffusion...

The structural characterization of subtilisin mesoscale clusters, which were previously shown to induce supramolecular order in biocatalytic self-assembly of Fmoc-dipeptides, was carried out by synchrotron small-angle X-ray, dynamic, and static light scattering measurements. Subtilisin molecules self-assemble to form supramolecular structures in phosphate buffer solutions. Structural arrangemen...

In six normal upright subjects, a 100 mol bolus-composed of equal parts of neon, carbon monoxide, and acetylene (Ne, CO, and C(2)H(2))-was inspired from either residual volume (RV) or functional residual capacity (FRC) during a slow inspiration from RV to total lung capacity (TLC). After breath holding and subsequent collection of the exhalate, diffusing capacity and pulmonary capillary blood f...

Define a mixture with volume V containing a certain amount of clay (Vc) and sand (Vs), i.e. V = Vc + Vs. The intrinsic porosity of the clay is φc, defined as the ratio of pore volume in the clay V c p to the volume of clay, i.e. φc = V c p /Vc, and the intrinsic porosity of sand is φs = V s p /Vs. The surface areas of the pores in the clay and in the sand are noted S p and S s p respectively. S...

The recently introduced self-organizing height-arrow (HA) model is numerically investigated on the square lattice and analytically on the Bethe lattice. The concentration of occupied sites and critical exponents of distributions of avalanches are evaluated for two slightly different versions of the model. The obtained exponents for distributions of avalanches by mass, area, duration and appropr...

The large-scale images and videos are one kind of the main source of big data. Dynamic texture (DT) is essential for understanding the video sequences with spatio-temporal similarities. This paper presents a powerful tool called dynamic fractal analysis to DT description and classification, which integrates rich description of DT with strong robustness to environmental changes. The proposed dyn...