Fosroc Conplast R and SP 337 are additives for the concrete mixture which used to delay setting time of mixture, thus, it can extend concreting work. Previous studies have verified that addition and/or Complast increases compressive strength concrete, but no previous investigated effect adding these on with variations in water-cement ratio. Therefore, this research is conducted investigate rati...

Concrete is the most common building material used worldwide. Significantly high strength values have been achieved owing to developing technology. Besides compressive strength, durability properties should also be taken into consideration since concrete exposed several external effects throughout its service life. Durability are mainly associated with voids in internal structure and surface of...

The Material Deposition Method (MDM) is enjoying increasing attention as an additive method to create concrete mortar structures characterised by a high degree of form-freedom, a lack of geometrical repetition, and automated construction. Several small-scale structures have been realised around the world, or are under preparation. However, the nature of this construction method is unsuitable fo...

Chloride-induced corrosion of steel reinforcement is a major factor adversely influencing the durability of reinforced concrete structures. The main objective of this preliminary study was to explore the use of waste residues generated during the bioethanol processing of sugar cane bagasse as a source of high value products, primarily lignin that can be functionalized to scavenge chloride ions ...

ion and explanation A CR approach to the explanation of concrete phenomena such as semiosis analyses them as conjunctions of structures and causal powers co-producing specific effects. To do this it abstracts these structures, identifying them and considering their respective causal powers and liabilities. Having done this, it then moves back towards the concrete, combining the abstracted const...

This thesis investigates human probabilistic judgment in complex real-world settings to identify processes underpinning biases across groups which relate to numerical frames and formats. Experiments are conducted replicating real-world environments and data to test judgment performance based on framing and format. Regardless of background skills and experience, people in professional and consum...