We explore the consequences of Bose-Einstein condensation on two-scalar-exchange mediated forces among bodies that sit in a boson gas. We find that below the condensation temperature the range of the forces becomes infinite while it is finite at temperatures above condensation.

Corroles and oxacorroles were synthesized by acid-catalyzed, 2+2 condensation. The condensation afforded different corroles bearing core-heteroatoms at the predesignated locations. Regioselective α-α’ linkage between pyrrole and furan or between pyrrole and pyrrole was achieved by keeping the linking carbon at different position of starting dipyrromethanes. The condensation was only fruitful wh...

These notes are an expanded version of a review lecture on closed string tachyon condensation at the RTN workshop in Copenhagen in September 2003. We begin with a lightning review of open string tachyon condensation, and then proceed to review recent results on localized closed string tachyon condensation, focusing on two simple systems, C/Zn orbifolds and twisted circle compactifications.

1. Introduction The zero-range process (ZRP) [1] is a simple lattice-based model for driven diffusive systems. For certain choices of parameters, the model exhibits a condensation transition (analogous to Bose-Einstein condensation) where a macroscopic proportion of particles accumulate on a single site [2]. Condensation is well-known in colloidal and granular systems [3] and also occurs in a v...

Condensation energy can be thought as the difference in ground state energy between the normal state and the superconducting state in a superconductor. In a way to understand and prove theory for superconducting transition, an accurate measurement of the condensation energy is needed [1]. The most common method for determination of condensation energy is by measuring the thermodynamical critica...

AsbA catalyses the highly enantioselective desymmetrisation of citric acid via ATP-dependent condensation with spermidine, as well as the condensation of citric acid with several spermidine analogues and the condensation of the citric acid analogue tricarballylic acid with spermidine, suggesting that it may be a useful biocatalyst for asymmetric synthesis.

Observing condensation in a gas of fermions has been another interesting topic after the realization of the Bose-Einstein Condensation in atomic gases. The condensation of fermions may happen either in the BEC or the BCS manner, depending on how the fermions are paired to each other. This paper gives a brief review on the recent breakthroughs in this

We examine the occurrence of Bose-Einstein condensation in both nonrelativistic and relativistic systems with no self-interactions in a general setting. A simple condition for the occurrence of Bose-Einstein condensation can be given if we adopt generalized ζ-functions to define the quantum theory. We show that the crucial feature governing Bose-Einstein condensation is the dimension q associat...

Systems driven out of equilibrium can often exhibit behaviour not seen in systems in thermal equilibriumfor example phase transitions in one-dimensional systems. In this talk I will review several ‘condensation’ transitions that occur when a conserved quantity is driven through the system. Although the condensation is spatial, i.e. a finite fraction of the conserved quantity condenses into a sm...

The accumulation of stalled translation preinitiation complexes (PICs) mediates the condensation of stress granules (SGs). Interactions between prion-related domains and intrinsically disordered protein regions found in SG-nucleating proteins promote the condensation of ribonucleoproteins into SGs. We propose that PIC components, especially 40S ribosomes and mRNA, recruit nucleators that trigge...