Social disorganization theories and systemic reformulations provide some of the most compelling and enduring explanations for the development, persistence, and geographic distribution of gang behaviors. Since Thrasher’s (1927) seminal study, generations of researchers have conceived of gangs and gang behaviors as the product of social dislocations associated with urban life, including poverty, ...

Given the robust positive association between gangs and crime, a better understanding of factors related to reported youth gang membership is critical and especially since youth in gangs are a universal concern. The present study investigated the role of delinquency, proactive aggression, psychopathy and behavioral school engagement in reported youth gang membership using a large sample of 1027...

This paper examines the implications of gang scheduling for generalpurpose multiprocessors. The workloads in these environments include both compute-bound parallel jobs, which often require gang scheduling, and I/O-bound jobs, which require high CPU priority to achieve interactive response times. Our results indicate that an effective interactive multiprocessor scheduler must weigh both the ben...

In this paper we explore the performance of various aspects of gang scheduling designs. We developed an event-driven simulator of a vanilla gang scheduler that relies on the Distributed Hierarchical Control (DHC) structure. We also developed three variations of the vanilla gang scheduler that rely on a push-down heuristic and on two job-migration schemes to decrease response times by reducing p...

Empirical evidence examining how risk and protective behaviors may possibly mediate the association between gang membership and school violence is limited. This study utilizes a statewide representative sample of 152 023 Latino, Black and White seventh graders from California to examine a theoretical model of how school risk (e.g. truancy, school substance use and risky peer approval) and prote...

Gang set space is defined as ‘‘the actual area within the neighborhood where gang members come together as a gang’’ (Tita, Cohen, and Engberg 2005:280). The current article examines one subarea of gang set space: where gangs maintain street corner-centered open-air drug markets. Two types of corners—corner markets dominated by one gang and corner markets with multiple gangs—were contrasted with...

Researchers have examined the predictors of adolescent gang membership, finding significant factors in the neighborhood, family, school, peers, and individual domains. However, little is known about whether risk and protective factors differ in predictive salience at different developmental periods. The present study examines predictors of joining a gang, tests whether these factors have differ...