Internal combustion engines have progressed since they undertook a crucial role to convert chemical energy of fuel mechanical with the reciprocat-ing motion piston. Structural elements performed under heavy con-ditions their facing dynamic stresses especially on connecting rod compression and tensile stresses. To overcome these stresses, manufacturing methods design studied by engineers for dif...

The microtubule-associated protein AtMAP65-1 from Arabidopsis thaliana dimerizes and forms 25 nm cross-bridges between microtubules, but the exact mechanism is unknown. Here, we used the predicted three-dimensional structure of AtMAP65-1 as a basis for analyzing the actual cross-bridging in detail. Fold-recognition predicts that AtMAP65-1 contains four coiled-coil domains and a flexible extende...

To optimize a connecting rod satisfying fatigue life, metamodel-based design optimization is proposed. To approximately predict both volume and fatigue life of connecting rod, kriging metamodel is constructed based on maximin eigenvalue sampling. Fatigue analysis is accomplished for the calculation of fatigue life. The results of metamodel-based design optimization are compared with those of cl...

Background: Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a common bone and mineral metabolism disorder in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study aimed to determinate the frequency of the subtypes of ROD and evaluate the diagnostic value of biochemical as the well as radiographic markers for the diagnosis of ROD among hemodialysis patients in Golestan province of Iran.  Materials and Methods...

An elastic rod is clamped at one end and has a dead load attached to the other (free) end. The rod is then slowly rotated using the clamp. When the load is smaller than the buckling value, the rod describes a continuous set of quasi-static forms and its end traces a (smooth, convex and simple) closed curve, which would be a circle if the rod were rigid. The closed curve is analytically determin...