purpose : to evaluate the role of orthoptic treatments in the management of intermittent exotropia methods : in a retrospective study, clinical records of patients diagnosed with intermittent exotropia were reviewed. patients with basic, convergence insufficiency (ci) and divergence excess (de) types of intermittent exotropia who underwent orthoptic treatments were enrolled. office treatments i...

PURPOSE To evaluate motor and sensory outcomes of 3 or 4 horizontal muscles surgery for the treatment of large-angle exotropia and to evaluate factors influencing the success rate and the relationship between initial postoperative and final motor outcomes. DESIGN A retrospective analytical study. METHODS Medical records of patients with primary large-angle exotropia [>50 prism diopters (PD)...

Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is the most common form of childhood exotropia 2 with an incidence of 32.1 per 100,000 in children under 19 years of age. The strabismus is characterized by an exodeviation of one eye that is interspersed with periods of ocular alignment. Reliable measurement of the deviation is often hindered by the variable nature of the strabismus, and without careful observation...

We report two cases of mirror image anomalies in two different pairs of monozygotic twins. In case 1, the twins exhibited mirroring of strabismus and refractive errors. Twin 1 had 35 prism diopters (PD) right intermittent exotropia at distant fixation and myopic anisometropia that was spherical 2.00 diopters more myopic in the right eye. Twin 2 had 35 PD left intermittent exotropia at distant f...

Binocularity was assessed in children who developed large, constant esotropia following bilateral lateral rectus recessions for intermittent exotropia. Nine such patients were identified who warranted medical rectus recession. Seven were finally aligned within 6 prism dioptres after secondary surgery. Stereopsis measured 50 seconds or better in six of these patients and 200 seconds of arc in th...

BACKGROUND Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is an exodeviation intermittently controlled by fusional mechanisms. Patients with IXT may present with asthenopic symptoms, blurred vision, headaches, diplopia or visual confusion and reading difficulties; especially after prolonged periods of near work. OBJECTIVE To report the presentation and management of a young adult with intractable accommodative...

To identify preoperative factors which influence the effectiveness of strabismus surgery in adults, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 179 patients > 15 years old (131 with exotropia, 48 with esotropia) who had had combined recession and resection surgery for correction of horizontal strabismus. Eighteen preoperative variables were evaluated; those with significant influence on the surg...

PURPOSE To report masked superior oblique muscle tightness as a possible mechanism causing A-pattern exotropia with intorsion after inferior rectus muscle recession in the context of thyroid eye disease. METHODS Three patients with thyroid eye disease and involvement of the superior oblique muscle are presented, along with a fourth comparison case without superior oblique muscle involvement. ...

Purpose: A silicone band was sutured anteriorly to the edge of the lateral rectus muscle neotendon during recession surgery in order to reduce and delay the reoccurrence after exotropia surgery. Methods: Collected data of 12 patients (8 males and 4 females), aged 7 54 years with diagnosis of constant manifest exotropia and mean angle deviation in primary position of 15,04 ̊ (sd 1,18) for near an...

OBJECTIVE To assess possible differences in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between children with strabismus and controls. This study also compared esotropia with exotropia cases, and dominant eyes with non-dominant eyes. METHOD 31 children with esotropia, 17 children with exotropia and 32 controls were studied. The peripapillary RNFL average thickness was determined in 4 diffe...