amara in jurisprudential sources is said to any evidence which indicate the fact. indication is not definitively in the sight of foghaha and osooliyeen, but due to the prevailing conjecture which can be achieved from that evidence. witnesses’ testimony (bayyinah) as valid evidence in the jurisprudence and law is known as an “amara” in the sight of jurists witch its validity is from legislator. ...

In discussing bioethics and the formulation of neuroethics, the question has arisen as to whether secular humanism should be the sole philosophical guiding light, to the exclusion of any discussion (or even mention) of religious morality, in professional medical ethics. In addition, the question has arisen as to whether freedom or censorship should be part of medical (and neuroscience) journali...

Candidate characteristics have an important impact on voter choice, and scandals are found to negatively a political campaign. Yet the literature, with its focus such as financial (consensual) affairs, has failed look into how allegations of sexual assault harassment may electability. This study analyzes effect that or electoral success American politicians. Using original survey experiment, we...

Objective: This study investigated the role of family communication patterns, including consensual, pluralistic, protective and laissez-faire, on Internet addiction. Methods: A total of 230 Jahrom Medical University students (120 females and 110 males) answered the questionnaires of the study. The samples were selected based on the random cluster sampling method. In this research, we used Youn...

the impossibility of qiṣāṣ of father for murdering the child is unanimously agreed upon by the imāmī jursprudents; however, presuming that the father does not directly commit murder of the child and the child inherits the right for qiṣāṣ against the father from the victim of crime, there is disagreement among the jurisprudent as to whether the child can retaliate the father in qiṣāṣ or not. in ...

Methods Cross-cultural translation was performed according to guidelines (Allergy 2010;65:290-295). Linguistic validation consisted in 3 steps: forward translation, backward translation and comprehensibility testing. Two independent translations were performed and a combined consensual version was obtained with an expert support. Subsequently, back-translation was performed and sent to the orig...