Desert ecosystems are an environment of climatic extremes, to which many forms life have adapted. These systems characterized by scarce water and often sparsely vegetated lands where ecological adaptation arid conditions has its underpinnings in the universal dependency on support life. Understanding ecohydrological similarity springs water-limited areas requires integration multiple lines evid...

“I’m a pop artist using natural history as my iconography,” Alexis Rockman has said of himself (1). Pop art, a movement that coincided with the youth and music phenomena of the 1950s and 1960s, draws its subject matter from the modern urban consumer experience, adopting popular culture icons and introducing them to the art world, much as American artist Andy Warhol incorporated and immortalized...

background: maternal mortality (mm) is an avoidable death andthere is national, international and political commitment to reduceit. the objective of this study is to examine the relation of mm tosocioeconomic factors and its inequality in iran’s provinces at anecologic level.methods: the overall mm from each province was considered for3 years from 2004 to 2006. the five independent variables wh...

background and aims: air pollution is one of the health problems worldwide. previous epidemiological studies have investigated the impacts of air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. the aim of this study was to determine the associations between air pollution levels and different health indicators among world countries. methods: this ecological study was performed in 2013 by u...

In studying indigenous climate knowledge, two approaches can be envisioned. In the first, traditional knowledge is a cultural built-in object; conceived as a whole, its relevance can be assessed by referring to other cultural, economic, or technical components at work within an indigenous society. In the second, the accuracy of indigenous climate knowledge is assessed with western science knowl...

Forest change and climatic variability are two major drivers for influencing change in watershed hydrology in forest–dominated watersheds. Quantifying their relative contributions is important to fully understand their individual effects. This review paper summarizes the progress on quantifying the relative contributions of forest or land cover change and climatic variability to hydrology in la...

Campus buildings are educational facilities where various amount of energy consumption for lighting, heating, cooling and ventilation occurs. Some of the new universities in Turkey, where this investigation takes place, still continue their educational activities in existing buildings primarily designed for different architectural programs and converted to campus buildings via changes of functi...

air pollution as a predictor of mortality in a prospective study of US adults. Response to Loomis et al. I would like to address comments of Loomis et al. about inferences drawn from studies using group-level exposure variables , the use of the tobacco analogy, the application of Hill's criteria for causality (1), and the use of the Hertz-Picciotto criteria for evaluating studies (2). Whether t...